Classification of human settlement - Printable Version

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Classification of human settlement - FDArchitects - 10-10-2015

A human settlement is an organized grouping of human habitation. 
Human settlement  classified in to rural and urban area  
The major difference between rural and urban areas is the function. Rural areas have predominantly primary activities, whereas urban areas have domination of secondary and tertiary activities.

Generally the rural areas have low density of population than urban.

Types of rural settlement

1. Compact/clustered/nucleated settlement
2. Semi-compact/Semi-clustered/fragmented settlement
3. Hemleted settlement
4. Dispersed settlement.

In the rural areas the smallest area of habitation, viz., the village generally follows the limits of a revenue village that is recognised by the normal district administration.
The revenue village need not necessarily be a single agglomeration of the habitations. But the revenue village has a definite surveyed boundary and each village is a separate administrative unit with separate village accounts. It may have one or more hamlets. The entire revenue village is one unit. There may be unsurveyed villages within forests etc., where the locally recognised boundaries of each habitation area is followed within the larger unit of say the forest range officers jurisdiction.

There are 640867 R. Village  in India (census 2011)

The  urban area comprises two types  of  towns viz;  Statutory towns and Census towns.

(a) Statutory Towns   All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc. are known as statutory towns.
There are 4041 S. Town in India (census 2011 )



(b) Census towns All other places satisfying the following three criteria simultaneously are treated as Census Towns. 

There are 3894 C.Town  in India  (census 2011)


i) A minimum population of 5,000;

ii) At least 75 per cent of male working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and

iii) A density of population of at least 400 per sq. km. (1,000 per sq. mile)

Out Growths(OG) 

It is a viable unit such as a village or a hamlet or an enumeration block and clearly identifiable in terms of its boundaries and location. 

While determining the outgrowth of a town, it has been ensured that it possesses the urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities and physically contiguous with the core town of the UA.
Outgrowths included “fairly large well recognized railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, military establishments etc., which might have come up around a core city or a statutory town”. 
There are 981 Out Growth in India (census 2011) 

Urban Agglomeration(UA)

An urban agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining outgrowths (OGs), or two or more physically contiguous towns together with or without outgrowths of such towns.

Identification of Urban Agglomerations for 2011 Census

The core town or at least one of the constituent towns of an urban agglomeration should necessarily be a statutory town; and 
The total population of an Urban Agglomeration (i.e. all the constituents put together) should not be less than 20,000 as per the 2001 Census. 


There are 475 UA in India (census 2011) 



City

Towns with population of 100,000 and above are called cities.

There are 468 city in India (census 2011) 




Mega city

The concept of ‘Mega city’ is a recent phenomenon in the Urban Sociology and is defined in term of metropolitan city in the form of large size, problem of management of civic amenities and capacity to absorb the relatively high growth of population.
Cities with 10 millions and above population have been treated as Mega cities.[/ltr]
[ltr]There are 53 mega city in India (census 2011) 

Metropolis / Metropolitan area

Definition by Hans Blumenfeld : concentration of at least 5 lakh people living within area in which travelling time from to the outskirts to the places of work is no more then 40-45 min commuting distance

Metropolitan area = Builtup urban area + economic connected territory to the outside



Conurbation 
Coined by Patrick Geddes : Implies the formation by fusion of several pre-existing cities and town that are gradually growing independently into a relatively contiguous area largely urbanized . 

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