Role of organizations involved in urban development - Printable Version

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Role of organizations involved in urban development - Manish Jain - 07-28-2016

Public agencies including quasi-governmental and parastatal organizations are involved in urban development. However, the division of responsibilities (role) amongst the agencies is not clearly defined resulting multiplicity of role in different agencies with over-lapping areas of interest leads to considerable waste of resources and delays in implementation of projects.


 Agencies involved in urban development
1.       Urban development authority
2.       Municipal corporation / Municipality
3.       Town and country planning organisation (TCPO)
4.       State Industrial Development & Investment Corporation
5.       Housing and Urban development corporation Ltd. (HUDCO )

City Development being under different agencies, the issue of co-ordination becomes difficult. Therefore, it is not possible to plan and co-ordinate development as the other departments’ plans and programmes are not known/discussed, thus making preparation of perspective development plan for city difficult. Multiplicity of authorities and lack of coordination among them make decision making and implementation of public infrastructure and services extremely difficult.
There is need for a strong apex organization with the authority of exercising financial control to operate a co-coordinative mechanism for accelerating the pace of land development and other activities related to urban development.
Simultaneously, concerted efforts are needed for capacity building of local bodies and other public agencies to play the role of catalyst agencies within the changing regime of public ‘private relationship arrangements for provision of urban infrastructure and public services.
These two constitutionally authorised planning mechanisms, viz. DPCs and MPCs, as and when they are set up in all States, will have to contend with the existing multiple planning structures for major cities which are in the form of Development Authorities, Town and Country Planning Departments and Housing Boards and/or the Municipal Corporations. In many Indian cities, Development Authorities wear the hat of planner and developer simultaneously as a result of which physical development supersedes planning concerns”


Urban development authority 


The major undertaking of urban Development Authority includes the following:
1.                   Infrastructural development of region by construction of flyovers, bridges, parking places.
2.                   Development of commercial projects and residential schemes, etc.
3.                   Development of basic amenities like community centres, parks, ring roads.
4.                   Development and rehabilitation of kacchi bastis etc.
5.                   Preparation and implementation of master plan.
6.                   Preparation and implementation of guidelines for colonisation.
7.                   Environmental development by planning and implementing roadside plantations and by developing eco-friendly schemes.
8.                   Development of rural area around Jaipur.
9.                   Development of transport facilities like Mass Rapid
Transport System (MRTS), Transport Nagar, and major sector roads.

The role and function of Municipal Corporation:
A Municipal Corporation works in coordination with the State Government for the effective execution of the various plans and programs.  Corporation divides functions, powers and responsibilities into the following two categories:
1.       Obligatory
2.       Discretionary
1.       Some obligatory functions:
a.       Supply of pure and wholesome water
b.      Construction and maintenance of public streets
c.       Lighting and watering of public streets
d.      Cleaning of public streets, places and sewers
e.      Regulation of offensive, dangerous or obnoxious trades and callings or practices
f.        Maintenance or support of public hospitals; establishment and maintenance of primary schools
g.       Registration of births and deaths; removing obstructions and projections in public streets, bridges and other places
h.      Naming streets and numbering houses.
2.       Some discretionary functions:
a.       Construction and maintenance of public parks, gardens, libraries, museums, rest houses, leper homes, orphanages and rescue homes for women
b.      planting and maintenance of roadside and other trees
c.       Housing for low income groups
d.      Conducting surveys
e.      Organising public receptions, public exhibitions, public entertainment; provision of transport facilities with the municipality
Town and country planning organisation (TCPO)
Established in 1962, TCPO has come a long way. It has been functioning as the technical wing of the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India.  Over the years, TCPO has undertaken various pioneering works in the area of formulating Master Plans, urban design projects, tourism development plans, regional plans, empirical research studies in topical areas, manuals and guides on various aspects of planning and development, monitoring and evaluation of central sector schemes, information system, urban mapping, urban and regional development policies, development law etc. 
The Organisation is responsible for providing assistance and advice of highest order to Central and State Governments, Public Sector Agencies, Development Authorities and Urban Local Bodies on matters pertaining to urban & regional planning and development.  Apart from non-plan functions, TCPO also monitors specific plan schemes of the Ministry of Urban Development.  The major functions of the Organisation are grouped in the following areas:
1.                   TCPO as an apex Organisation in the field of Urban & Regional Planning and Development provides knowledge support and technical advice and assistance to various State Govts., Development Authorities, ULBs, other agencies etc.
2.                   Technical assistance and guidance to the Ministry of Urban Development, Planning Commission, other Central Ministries / Agencies.
3.                   Research studies in areas of topical interest.
4.                   Manuals and Guides on various aspects of planning and development.
5.                   Training & Capacity Building, Conferences and Workshops in the field of urban & regional planning and development and Remote Sensing and GIS applications in Urban & Regional Planning.
6.                   Appraisal and monitoring of central sector projects / Schemes.
 
 
State Industrial Development & Investment Corporation
Organization played an important role in the industrial development of city.
it is mainly engaged in site selection and acquisition of land, financial assistance to smalls medium and large scale projects, equity participation in large projects on merit, technical consultancy for project identification and technical tie up, escort services, facilitation of government clearances, merchant banking and financial tie -ups and extending incentives and concessions as per the policy of the State Government.
 
Housing and Urban development corporation Ltd. (HUDCO )
The objectives of HUDCO include
1.            providing long term finance for construction of houses for residential purposes or finance or undertake housing and urban development programmes in the country;
2.            finance or undertake, wholly or partly, the setting up of the new or satellite towns;
3.            subscribe to the debentures and bonds to be issued by the State Housing (and/or Urban Development) Boards, Improvement Trusts, Development Authorities etc. specifically for the purpose of financing housing and urban development programmes;
4.            finance or undertake the setting up of industrial enterprises of building material;
5.            administer the moneys received, from time to time, from the Government of India and other sources as grants or otherwise for the purposes of financing or undertaking housing and urban development programmes in the country, and
6.            promote, establish, assist, collaborate and provide consultancy services for the projects of designing and planning of works relating to Housing and Urban Development programmes in India and abroad.
7.            undertake business of Venture Capital Fund in Housing and Urban Development Sectors facilitating Innovations in these sectors and invest in and/or subscribe to the units/shares etc. of Venture Capital Funds promoted by Government/Government Agencies in the above areas.
8.            set up HUDCO's own Mutual Fund for the purpose of Housing and Urban Development programmes and/or invest in, and/or subscribe to the units etc. of Mutual Funds, promoted by the Government/Government Agencies for the above purpose.
 

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RE: Role of organizations involved in urban development - soniya - 11-19-2018

The roles and responsibilities of different institutions in URBAN DEVELOPMENT 
clarified along five principal dimensions:


• Unique Purpose: Purpose is the “why” behind every organization, the reason for its existence. Each institution should have a clearly defined ‘unique’ purpose for itself, in line with people’s aspirations. Typically it should not overlap with any other institution at the same level 

• Measure of Effectiveness: In line with the unique purpose, relevant measures of effectiveness should be put in place. These will not only help in creating external accountability for the institution as a whole, but will also provide guidance to the individual employees to discharge their duties.

• Exclusive Decision Rights: The decisions which the institution is empowered to take and which others are required to follow must be specified. These decisions rights must be reconciled with decision rights granted to other institutions.

• Expertise and Capabilities: Empowering any institution with certain decision rights alone is not enough. The critically necessary capabilities/expertise required by the institution to perform its functions and fulfil its purpose must be defined, along with processes for ensuring it will have these capabilities.

• Inter-linkages within the Ecosystem: Lastly, it is critical to understand the inter-linkages with other institutions in a complex, multi-institutional environment. A particular institution may have different types of relationships with other institutions. These could range from being a regulator, to having a contractual arrangement or serving as a technical advisor.

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