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Ṣaṭkhaṅḍāgama (षटखंडागम) - Printable Version

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Ṣaṭkhaṅḍāgama (षटखंडागम) - Mili Jain - 07-16-2014

Satkhandāgama is the most revered Digambara text that has been given the status of āgama. The day its Dhavalā commentary Satkhandāgama was completed, it is commemorated as Shruta Pañcami.

The only surviving pieces of the original Jain Canon of twelve Angas,
Dhavala Jai- are preserved in what are dhavala and popularly known as
Dhavala
Jaidhavala
Mahadhavala

Mahadhavala Manuscripts of these were preserved only at the Jain
pontifical seat of Mudbidri in South Kanara. It is only during the last twenty years that copies of the first two have become available, while the last still remains inaccessible

The Satkhandāgama, as the name suggests, is a scripture in six parts.

The six parts are:

  1. Jiva Sthana (Categories of Living Beings)
  2. Kshudraka Bandha (Minutiae of Bondage)
  3. Bandhasvamitva (Ownership of Bondage)
  4. Vedana (Perception)
  5. Vargana (Divisions of Karmas)
  6. Mahabandha (Great Bondage)

Satkhandāgama postulates karma theory, using a number of technical terms defining various concepts and mathematical notions.The first three parts deal with the karma philosophy from the view point of the soul which is the agent of the bondage and the last three section discusses the nature and extent of the karmas.

The commentary on the first five parts is known as the Dhavalā. The commentary on the sixth part is known as the Mahādhavalā.

Dhavalā is divided into 16 sections which is as follows:

Volume One, Jivasthana (जीवस्थान)- Categories of Living Beings
Book 1 : Satprarupana (Teaching on the Entities) Part - 1
Book 2 : Satprarupana (Teaching on the Entities) Part - 2
Book 3 : Dravyapramananugama (Teaching on the Entities)
Book 4 : Kshetra - Sparshana - Kalanugama (Location, Touch and Time)
Book 5 : Antara - Bhava - Alpabahuttva (Gap, State, Few or Many)
Book 6 : Culika (Appendix)
Volume Two : Ksudrakabandha - Minutiae of Bondage
Volume Three : Bandhasvamittva - Ownership of Bondage
Volume Four, Vedana - Perception
Book 1: Krtianuyogdvara (Acts as Doors of Disquisition)
Book 2: Vedana Kshetra - Vedana Kala - Vedana Dravya (Area, Time and Object of Perception)
Book 3: Vedana Kshetra - Vedana Kala (Area and Time of Perception)
Book 4: Vedana Bhava Vidhana (Directive on State of Perception)
Volume Five Vargana - Divisions of Karma
Book 1: Sparshakarmaprakrti Anuyoga (Examination of the Nature of Karmic Sensation)
Book 2: Bandhana Anuyoga (Examination of Bondage)
Book 3: Nibandhanadi Chatura Anuyoga (Four-part Examination of the Fastening of Karmas)
Book 4: Moksadi Chaturdasha Anuyoga (Fourteen-part Examination of Liberation, etc.)

Mahādhavalā the commentary on sixth section called Mahabandha has seven books. The other Digambara āgama, the Kasāyapāhuda, also has a voluminous commentary. It is called the Jaya Dhavalā. All three commentaries were composed by ācārya Virasena and ācārya Jinasena (8th century CE). The text and its commentaries preserved on the palm leaf manuscripts run into some 120,000 verses.