Comparison of urban rural population growth trends in India since 1901 - Printable Version

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Comparison of urban rural population growth trends in India since 1901 - Manish Jain - 11-11-2018

Comparison of urban rural population growth trends in India since 1901

There is a linkage between the rural and urban development. These linkages Matter because rural and urban livelihoods are interconnected economically, financially, and socially. Rural- urban disparities have for long been one of the causes of concern for the policymakers. The disparities are seen in all spheres of human life- economic and non-economic. The extent of the disparities, however, differs from country to country. India is the largest democracy with consistent economic growth rate since independence. India is also third largest scientific and technological workforce. Despite these developments there is a wide gap between rural and urban with respect to technology, living condition, economic empowerment etc. The status of Indian urban and rural population division is shown in following table



Density of Population:

Density of population refers to average number of people living per square kilometer area. It is measured by dividing total population of a country by its total area. It is an important index of population which shows concentration of population in a particular area. Following table no.5 shows the trend in population density in India since 1901.


Trend in population density in India since 1901


Above table shows the population density of India by census year. In the beginning of the twentieth century i.e. in 1901 the population density of India was as low as 77 persons per sq. km. It steadily increased in each decade to reach 382 persons per sq. km. in 2011. The rate of increase in population density of India has exhibited a sharp decline during 2001-2011 (17.5 per cent) compared to 1991-2001 (21.7 per cent). With a population density of 382/km2, India ranks 31st among the most densely populated countries in the world. Even though India accounts for only 2.4% of surface area of the earth, it contributes 17.5% to the world population, which is extremely large. Whereas USA, accounting for 7.2% of the earth’s surface area, contributes only 4.5% to the world population.

High increase in the density of population is a matter of great concern as it puts immense pressure on our natural resources and existing infrastructural facilities and adversely affects the quality of life. Pressures resulting from unrestrained population growth put demands on the natural world that can overwhelm any efforts to achieve a sustainable future.


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