01-20-2023, 05:21 AM
The process of designing a climate-balanced architecture can be divided into four steps :
1st step toward environmental adjustment is a survey of climatic elements at a given location. However, each element has a different impact and presents a different problem. Since man is the fundamental measure in architecture and the shelter is designed to fulfill his biological needs.
CLIMATE DATA of a specific region should be analyzed with the yearly characteristics of their constituent elements, such as temperature, relative humidity, radiation, and wind eflects. The data, if necessary, should be adapted to the living level. And the modified effects of the microclimatic conditions should be considered
2nd step is to evaluate each climate impact in physiological terms.
BIOLOGIC EAVLALUATION Should be based on human sensations. Plotting the climatc data on the bioclimatic chart at regular intervals will show a "diagnosis" of the region with the relative importance of the various climatic elements. The result of the above process can be tabulated on a yearly timetable, from which measures needed to restore
comfort conditions can be obtained for any date.
3rd step the technological solutions must be applied to each climate-comfort problem.
technological solutions may be sought, after the requirements are stated, to intercept the adverse and utilize the advantageous impacts at the right time and in adequate amount. This necessary function of a balanced shelter should be analyzed by calculative methods:
A. In Site selection most of the factors are variable. In general, sites which show better characteristics in the winter-summer relationship are more livable.
B. In orientation the sun's heat is decisive both positively (in cold periods) and negatively (in hot periods). A balance
can be found between the "under-heated period," when we seek radiation, and the "overheated period," when we want to avoid it.
C. Shading calculations are based on the maxim that throughout the year in underheated times the sun should strike
the building, and in overheated time the structure should be in shade. A chart of the sun's path, plus geometric
and radiation calculations, can describe the effectiveness of shading devices.
D Housing forms and building shapes should conform to favorable or adverse impacts of the thermal environment; accordingly certain shapes are preferable to others in given surroundings.
E Air movements can be divided into the categories of winds and breezes, according to their desirability. Winds occur-
ring at underheated periods should be intercepted, cooling breezes should be utilized in overheated periods. Indoor
air movement should satisfy bioclimatic needs. Calculations based on rate Of air- flow through a building in combination
with inside flow patterns may be used to determine the location, arrangement, and sizes of openings.
F. Indoor temperature balance can be achievd to a certain degree with careful use of materials. Both time-lag and insulation characteristics of materials can be utilized for improved indoor conditions.
Heliothermic planning, based on heat flow studies, gives quantitative meas ures for the relative importance of the
building elements. The criteria for balance are: minimum heat-flow out of building in wintertime, minimum heat-
gain in the structure during the over heated period.
4th step these solutions should be combined, according to their importance, in architectural unity.
ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATION of the findings of the first three steps must be developed and balanced according to the importance of the different elements. Climate balance begins at the site, and should be taken into consideration at the housing layouts, with similar careful consideration given to the individual architecture units / blocks .
The sequence for this interplay of variables is
Climate -> Biology -> Technology ->Architecture
1st step toward environmental adjustment is a survey of climatic elements at a given location. However, each element has a different impact and presents a different problem. Since man is the fundamental measure in architecture and the shelter is designed to fulfill his biological needs.
CLIMATE DATA of a specific region should be analyzed with the yearly characteristics of their constituent elements, such as temperature, relative humidity, radiation, and wind eflects. The data, if necessary, should be adapted to the living level. And the modified effects of the microclimatic conditions should be considered
2nd step is to evaluate each climate impact in physiological terms.
BIOLOGIC EAVLALUATION Should be based on human sensations. Plotting the climatc data on the bioclimatic chart at regular intervals will show a "diagnosis" of the region with the relative importance of the various climatic elements. The result of the above process can be tabulated on a yearly timetable, from which measures needed to restore
comfort conditions can be obtained for any date.
3rd step the technological solutions must be applied to each climate-comfort problem.
technological solutions may be sought, after the requirements are stated, to intercept the adverse and utilize the advantageous impacts at the right time and in adequate amount. This necessary function of a balanced shelter should be analyzed by calculative methods:
A. In Site selection most of the factors are variable. In general, sites which show better characteristics in the winter-summer relationship are more livable.
B. In orientation the sun's heat is decisive both positively (in cold periods) and negatively (in hot periods). A balance
can be found between the "under-heated period," when we seek radiation, and the "overheated period," when we want to avoid it.
C. Shading calculations are based on the maxim that throughout the year in underheated times the sun should strike
the building, and in overheated time the structure should be in shade. A chart of the sun's path, plus geometric
and radiation calculations, can describe the effectiveness of shading devices.
D Housing forms and building shapes should conform to favorable or adverse impacts of the thermal environment; accordingly certain shapes are preferable to others in given surroundings.
E Air movements can be divided into the categories of winds and breezes, according to their desirability. Winds occur-
ring at underheated periods should be intercepted, cooling breezes should be utilized in overheated periods. Indoor
air movement should satisfy bioclimatic needs. Calculations based on rate Of air- flow through a building in combination
with inside flow patterns may be used to determine the location, arrangement, and sizes of openings.
F. Indoor temperature balance can be achievd to a certain degree with careful use of materials. Both time-lag and insulation characteristics of materials can be utilized for improved indoor conditions.
Heliothermic planning, based on heat flow studies, gives quantitative meas ures for the relative importance of the
building elements. The criteria for balance are: minimum heat-flow out of building in wintertime, minimum heat-
gain in the structure during the over heated period.
4th step these solutions should be combined, according to their importance, in architectural unity.
ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATION of the findings of the first three steps must be developed and balanced according to the importance of the different elements. Climate balance begins at the site, and should be taken into consideration at the housing layouts, with similar careful consideration given to the individual architecture units / blocks .
The sequence for this interplay of variables is
Climate -> Biology -> Technology ->Architecture