[Ar.satish lohar]

The mandala, or Square is one of the most basic repeating units in Indian architecture. From the vedic fire altars, made in the form of nested squares in the forest, to the basic orthogonal planning of Harappan cities, to the mighty cathedrals of Khajuraho and Konarka, the square and its permutations play an important role in Indian architecture. It is indeed the geometry of the square (which the ancient builders no doubt understood) with its equal sides and easily calculable diagonals, that lend to this form the concept of immutability and permanence.

It was the square which was to form the basis for the vastupurushamandala, or magic diagram, on which temple plans were based.

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