[Richard Mahapatra]

Ludhiana, India's very own Manchester, is probably the most industrialized city north of Delhi. The largest city in Punjab, it handles 75 per cent of its trade, has a high per capita income, and a literate population. It could have been a model for economic development, but Ludhiana is today one of the worst developed cities in north India, beset by multitudinous ills. The black smoke that shrouds the city is only an indicator of the murkiness that lies beneath the filth, congestion, overpopulation and corruption, which have the city in their vice.

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