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Environmental Planning for Site Development
A manual for sustainable local planning and design
Anne R. Beer and Catherine Higgins

chapter-4
The physical environment


The first stage of the site planning process is to assess the relative importance of the factors that make up the local physical
environment. This chapter deals with why it is important to gather information about geology, geomorphology and surface water.
It also describes the information that should be gathered about landform before indicating the type of information that can be
usefully gathered about the local climate.
Geology, geomorphology and site planning
Geological problems and the development of a site
BEARING CAPACITY
Geomorphological factors and the development of a site: some indicators
Surface water and site planning
Recording the topography
SLOPE ANALYSIS
It is useful for making decisions about the distribution of land use to have a plan showing the location of the vertical and near vertical
banks, the very steep land, the steep land, the moderately sloping land, the gently sloping land and the flat land.
Different angles of slope have different implications for development. Table gives some rough guidance on the
link between angle of slope and development potential. Such information can be used to decide which angles of slope are
important in relation to a particular site planning problem.
Slopes and land uses
Type of land use Permitted angle of slope
                                         Maximum                  Minimum
Streets and drives                 8% 1:12                    1% 1:100
Parking areas                       5% 1:20                    1% 1:100
Main footpaths—bitumen       8% 1:12                     5% 1:20
Main ramp on footpath—short 14% 1:7                     —
Entrance areas                     4% 1:25                    1% 1:100
Minor footpaths                   14% 1:7                     5% 1:20
Terraces—paved                  2% 1:50                    1% 1:100
Lawns                                 5% 1:20                    1% 1:100
Mown grass banks                33% 1:3                          —
Planted slopes                      50% 1:2                         —

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