07-09-2021, 01:37 PM
Mayamatam मयमतम्
TREATISE OF HOUSING, ARCHITECTURE AND ICONOGRAPHY
by bruno dagens, Authentic book on ancient vastu sastra
नवमोऽध्यायः
CHAPTER 9 : VILLAGES PLANNING
[ ग्रामविन्यासः ]
ग्रामादीनां मानं विन्यासं चापि वक्ष्यते विधिना ।
[ पुनर्मानोपकरणम् ]
दण्डानां पञ्चशतं क्रोशं’ तद्विगुणमर्धगव्यूतम् ॥ १ ॥ गव्यूतं तद्विगुणं ह्याष्टसहस्त्रं तु योजनं विद्यात् । अष्टधनुश्चतुरश्रा काकणिका तच्चतुर्गुणं माषम् ॥ २ ॥ माषचतुर्वर्तनकं॰ तत्पञ्चगुणं हि वाटिका कथिता' । वाटिकया युगगुणिता ग्रामकुटुम्बावनिः श्रेष्ठा ॥ ३ ॥ एवं भूगतमानं दण्डैस्तेषां तु वक्ष्यते मानम् ।
[ ग्रामादिमानम् ] ग्रामस्य शतसहस्त्रैर्दण्डैः पर्यन्तमानमिदमुक्तम्’ ॥४॥ विंशतिसहस्रदण्डात् तत्समवृद्ध्या तु पञ्चमानं स्यात् ।
ग्रामे विंशतिभागे कुटुम्बभूमिस्तदेकभागेन ॥ ५ ॥ "दण्डैः पञ्चशतैर्यद्धीनं ग्रामस्य मानमिदम् ।
तस्मात् पञ्चशतद्धर्चा" यावद् विंशत्सहस्त्रदण्डान्तम् ॥ ६ ॥ प्रोक्तं चत्वारिंशद्भेदं ग्रामस्य मानमिदम् । द्विसहस्रदण्डमानं" सार्धसहस्रं सहस्रदण्डं च ॥ ७ ॥ नवशतमथ सप्तशतं पञ्चशतं त्रिशतमिति च विस्तारम् । नगरस्य "सहस्रादिद्विसहस्रान्तं च दण्डमानं स्यात् ॥ ८॥ नगरस्याष्टसहस्त्रैर्दण्डैः पर्यन्तमानमिदम् । "द्विद्विसहस्रक्षयतो द्विसहस्रान्तं चतुर्विधं मानम् ॥ ९ ॥ " ग्रामः खेटः खर्वटमथ दुर्गं नगरमिति च पञ्चविधम् । दण्डैस्तेषां मानं वक्ष्येऽहं त्रित्रिभेदभिन्नानाम् ॥ १० ॥ चतुरधिकषष्टिदण्डो ग्रामः स्याद्धीनहीनमिति कथितः " । 17 ग्रामस्य मध्यमस्य द्विगुणं त्रिगुणं तथोत्तमं प्रोक्तम् ॥ ११ ॥ षट्पञ्चाशद्द्वशतं हीनं खेटं सविंशति त्रिशतम्। मध्यममुत्तममेवं सचतुरशीति त्रिशतदण्डम् ॥ १२ ॥ अष्टौ चत्वारिंशच्चतुःशतं द्वादशं च पञ्चशतम् । षट्सप्ततिपञ्चशतं” हीनं मध्योत्तमं च खर्वटकम् ॥ १३ ॥
चत्वारिंशत्षट्शतमधमं दुर्गं चतुःसप्तशतदण्डम् । मध्यममुत्तमदुर्गं सप्तशतं षष्टिरष्टौ हि ॥ १४ ॥ द्वात्रिंशदष्टशतकं नगरं षण्णवत्यष्टशतदण्डम् । षष्टिर्नवशतमधमं मध्यममुत्कृष्टमिति यथासंख्यम्॥ १५॥ षोडशदण्डविवृद्ध्या प्रत्येकं नवविधं भवति । द्विगुणं त्रिपादमर्धं पादं तेषां मुखायतं विपुलात्” ॥ १६ ॥ व्यासषडष्टांशैकं22 चतुरश्रं वा यथेष्टं स्यात् । तस्मिन् विपुलायामे दण्डैरोजैः प्रमाणमात्तव्यम्॥ १७॥ शेषं वाटधरार्थं23 ग्रामादिषु सर्ववस्तुषु च ।
Now the dimensions and plans for villages and other settlements are set out according to the rule.
The system of measurements (cont.)
lb-2a It is to be known that five hundred poles (danda) make one krośa twice of which is half a gauyuta and twice that is a gavyuta; eight thousand poles are one yojana?
2b-fa
A square, eight poles square, is a kakani; four times that is a mâșa, four times which is a vartanaka, five times one vartanaka is a vatakā whose quadruple is the area precisely suitable for a family plot in a village (Kutumbatani should designate here an area of agricultural land (and not "a residential block general inhabited by kinsmen" as suggested by Dutt, op cit p. 203) Anbil copperplaten mention the gift of ten täfika of land as an ekahboga brahmadeya ). These are area measurements; herewith the dimensions of (villages) given in poles.
Dimensions of villages and other settlements
The largest size for a village is one hundred thousand poles; starting with twenty thousand poles and, with regular increments (of twenty thousand), five dimensions suitable for a village are obtained.(The dimensions given here are most probably those of the territory controlled by the settlement and not of the settlement itself (see 104 where the size of the biggest of the capitals is given as 16000 poles)
The plot intended for a family occupies one-twentieth of the village (?)."
The smallest size for a village is five hundred poles; by starting with this figure and proceeding to twenty thousand poles by successive increments of five hundred poles, forty dimensions suitable for villages are obtained.
5-8a The width (of village) is two thousand poles, one thousand five hundred, one thousand, nine hundred, seven hundred, five hundred or
three hundred poles. The dimensions of a town (nagara), given in poles, are from one thousand to two thousand. The largest size for a town is eight thousand poles; (starting with this figure) and reducing it successively by two thousand, four sizes for a town are obtained, 5-9a
Village, kheta, kharvata, fort and town: these are the five (settlements) for which I am going to give the dimensions in poles with three variations for each.
The smallest village is said to be sixty-four poles (wide), the medium village is twice that wi and the large one triple. A small kheta is two hundred and sixty-six poles, a medium one three hundred and twenty and a large one three hundred and eighty-four. The respective dimensions of small, medium and large kharvata are four hundred and forty-eight, five hundred and twelve and five hundred and seventy-six poles.
A small fort is six hundred and forty poles (wide), a medium one, seven hundred and four and a large one, seven hundred and sixty-eight. Small, medium and large towns are respectively, eight hundred and thirty-two, eight hundred and ninety-six and nine hundred and sixty poles wide.
If sixteen pole increment are used, there are nine more possibilities for each. The length is double the width or three quarters, one half or a quarter (greater) or may be a sixth or eighth (more); otherwise the plan may be square if so desired.
The basic dimensions (of the settlement) will be taken from that width and length making an odd number of poles; the remainder will belong to the area which is not built up,10 this is the procedure for all sites such as villages etc....
TREATISE OF HOUSING, ARCHITECTURE AND ICONOGRAPHY
by bruno dagens, Authentic book on ancient vastu sastra
नवमोऽध्यायः
CHAPTER 9 : VILLAGES PLANNING
[ ग्रामविन्यासः ]
ग्रामादीनां मानं विन्यासं चापि वक्ष्यते विधिना ।
[ पुनर्मानोपकरणम् ]
दण्डानां पञ्चशतं क्रोशं’ तद्विगुणमर्धगव्यूतम् ॥ १ ॥ गव्यूतं तद्विगुणं ह्याष्टसहस्त्रं तु योजनं विद्यात् । अष्टधनुश्चतुरश्रा काकणिका तच्चतुर्गुणं माषम् ॥ २ ॥ माषचतुर्वर्तनकं॰ तत्पञ्चगुणं हि वाटिका कथिता' । वाटिकया युगगुणिता ग्रामकुटुम्बावनिः श्रेष्ठा ॥ ३ ॥ एवं भूगतमानं दण्डैस्तेषां तु वक्ष्यते मानम् ।
[ ग्रामादिमानम् ] ग्रामस्य शतसहस्त्रैर्दण्डैः पर्यन्तमानमिदमुक्तम्’ ॥४॥ विंशतिसहस्रदण्डात् तत्समवृद्ध्या तु पञ्चमानं स्यात् ।
ग्रामे विंशतिभागे कुटुम्बभूमिस्तदेकभागेन ॥ ५ ॥ "दण्डैः पञ्चशतैर्यद्धीनं ग्रामस्य मानमिदम् ।
तस्मात् पञ्चशतद्धर्चा" यावद् विंशत्सहस्त्रदण्डान्तम् ॥ ६ ॥ प्रोक्तं चत्वारिंशद्भेदं ग्रामस्य मानमिदम् । द्विसहस्रदण्डमानं" सार्धसहस्रं सहस्रदण्डं च ॥ ७ ॥ नवशतमथ सप्तशतं पञ्चशतं त्रिशतमिति च विस्तारम् । नगरस्य "सहस्रादिद्विसहस्रान्तं च दण्डमानं स्यात् ॥ ८॥ नगरस्याष्टसहस्त्रैर्दण्डैः पर्यन्तमानमिदम् । "द्विद्विसहस्रक्षयतो द्विसहस्रान्तं चतुर्विधं मानम् ॥ ९ ॥ " ग्रामः खेटः खर्वटमथ दुर्गं नगरमिति च पञ्चविधम् । दण्डैस्तेषां मानं वक्ष्येऽहं त्रित्रिभेदभिन्नानाम् ॥ १० ॥ चतुरधिकषष्टिदण्डो ग्रामः स्याद्धीनहीनमिति कथितः " । 17 ग्रामस्य मध्यमस्य द्विगुणं त्रिगुणं तथोत्तमं प्रोक्तम् ॥ ११ ॥ षट्पञ्चाशद्द्वशतं हीनं खेटं सविंशति त्रिशतम्। मध्यममुत्तममेवं सचतुरशीति त्रिशतदण्डम् ॥ १२ ॥ अष्टौ चत्वारिंशच्चतुःशतं द्वादशं च पञ्चशतम् । षट्सप्ततिपञ्चशतं” हीनं मध्योत्तमं च खर्वटकम् ॥ १३ ॥
चत्वारिंशत्षट्शतमधमं दुर्गं चतुःसप्तशतदण्डम् । मध्यममुत्तमदुर्गं सप्तशतं षष्टिरष्टौ हि ॥ १४ ॥ द्वात्रिंशदष्टशतकं नगरं षण्णवत्यष्टशतदण्डम् । षष्टिर्नवशतमधमं मध्यममुत्कृष्टमिति यथासंख्यम्॥ १५॥ षोडशदण्डविवृद्ध्या प्रत्येकं नवविधं भवति । द्विगुणं त्रिपादमर्धं पादं तेषां मुखायतं विपुलात्” ॥ १६ ॥ व्यासषडष्टांशैकं22 चतुरश्रं वा यथेष्टं स्यात् । तस्मिन् विपुलायामे दण्डैरोजैः प्रमाणमात्तव्यम्॥ १७॥ शेषं वाटधरार्थं23 ग्रामादिषु सर्ववस्तुषु च ।
Now the dimensions and plans for villages and other settlements are set out according to the rule.
The system of measurements (cont.)
lb-2a It is to be known that five hundred poles (danda) make one krośa twice of which is half a gauyuta and twice that is a gavyuta; eight thousand poles are one yojana?
2b-fa
A square, eight poles square, is a kakani; four times that is a mâșa, four times which is a vartanaka, five times one vartanaka is a vatakā whose quadruple is the area precisely suitable for a family plot in a village (Kutumbatani should designate here an area of agricultural land (and not "a residential block general inhabited by kinsmen" as suggested by Dutt, op cit p. 203) Anbil copperplaten mention the gift of ten täfika of land as an ekahboga brahmadeya ). These are area measurements; herewith the dimensions of (villages) given in poles.
Dimensions of villages and other settlements
The largest size for a village is one hundred thousand poles; starting with twenty thousand poles and, with regular increments (of twenty thousand), five dimensions suitable for a village are obtained.(The dimensions given here are most probably those of the territory controlled by the settlement and not of the settlement itself (see 104 where the size of the biggest of the capitals is given as 16000 poles)
The plot intended for a family occupies one-twentieth of the village (?)."
The smallest size for a village is five hundred poles; by starting with this figure and proceeding to twenty thousand poles by successive increments of five hundred poles, forty dimensions suitable for villages are obtained.
5-8a The width (of village) is two thousand poles, one thousand five hundred, one thousand, nine hundred, seven hundred, five hundred or
three hundred poles. The dimensions of a town (nagara), given in poles, are from one thousand to two thousand. The largest size for a town is eight thousand poles; (starting with this figure) and reducing it successively by two thousand, four sizes for a town are obtained, 5-9a
Village, kheta, kharvata, fort and town: these are the five (settlements) for which I am going to give the dimensions in poles with three variations for each.
The smallest village is said to be sixty-four poles (wide), the medium village is twice that wi and the large one triple. A small kheta is two hundred and sixty-six poles, a medium one three hundred and twenty and a large one three hundred and eighty-four. The respective dimensions of small, medium and large kharvata are four hundred and forty-eight, five hundred and twelve and five hundred and seventy-six poles.
A small fort is six hundred and forty poles (wide), a medium one, seven hundred and four and a large one, seven hundred and sixty-eight. Small, medium and large towns are respectively, eight hundred and thirty-two, eight hundred and ninety-six and nine hundred and sixty poles wide.
If sixteen pole increment are used, there are nine more possibilities for each. The length is double the width or three quarters, one half or a quarter (greater) or may be a sixth or eighth (more); otherwise the plan may be square if so desired.
The basic dimensions (of the settlement) will be taken from that width and length making an odd number of poles; the remainder will belong to the area which is not built up,10 this is the procedure for all sites such as villages etc....