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Mechanical Properties Of Metals

Strength
The ability of a material to stand up to forces being applied without it bending, breaking, shattering or deforming in any way..

Elasticity
The ability of a material to absorb force and flex in different directions, returning to its original position.


Plasticity
The ability of a material to be change in shape permanently.

Ductility
The ability of a material to change shape (deform) usually by stretching along its length..


Tensile Strength
The ability of a material to stretch without breaking or snapping.



Malleability
The ability of a material to be reshaped in all directions without cracking.

Toughness
A characteristic of a material that does not break or shatter when receiving a blow or under a sudden shock.

Conductivity
The ability of a material to conduct electricity..

Hardness
The ability of a material to resist scratching, wear and tear & indentation.

Fatigue
Fatigue failures occur when metal is subjected to a repetitive or fluctuating stress and will fail at a stress much lower than its tensile strength.

Fatigue failures occur without any plastic deformation (no warning).
Fatigue surface appears as a smooth region, showing beach mark or origin of fatigue crack.



Fusibility
Fusibility is defined as the ability of a metal to become liquid by the application of heat. Metals are fused in welding. Steels fuse at approximately 2,500°F, and aluminum alloys at approximately 1,110°F.

Creep
The mechanical strength of metals decreases with increasing temperature and the properties become much more time dependent. Metals subjected to a constant load at elevated temperatures will undergo 'creep', a time dependent increase in length.

Creep in metals is defined as time dependent plastic deformation at constant stress (or load) and temperature.