08-18-2023, 09:35 AM
Tsunami Disaster in India Warning, Responses, Impacts and Mitigation
R.B. Singh
Tsunami is a Japanese word (tsu =harbour; nami =wave), for the waves that are mostly the result of sub-sea fault movements with pronounced vertical offsets of the sea floor, which disturbs the deep ocean water. These rear up and strike the shoreline with devastating blows. The term 'tsunami' was coined by fisherman who returned to port and found their harbour devastated. These are a series of killer waves generated in a body of water as a result of under-sea earthquake or volcanic eruptions and water is rapidly displaced on a massive scale, which can violently inundate coastlines, causing devastating damage to life and property. The actual height of tsunami wave in open water is less than one metre (unnoticeable to people on ships). The energy passes through the entire water column to depth of 4,000 metre or more, unlike surface waves, which typically reach only 10 metre or so. The wave speed ranges from 500 to 1,000 miles per hour, so the second and third wave may not arrive until more than an hour later. Thus, tsunami generally consists of series of waves or 'tsunami wave train'.
The appearance and behaviour becomes dependent on several local factors:
1. Topography of the sea floor.
2. Actual shape of the shoreline.
for more detail read ... Natural Hazards And Disaster Management : Vulnerability And Mitigation by R B Singh
R.B. Singh
Tsunami is a Japanese word (tsu =harbour; nami =wave), for the waves that are mostly the result of sub-sea fault movements with pronounced vertical offsets of the sea floor, which disturbs the deep ocean water. These rear up and strike the shoreline with devastating blows. The term 'tsunami' was coined by fisherman who returned to port and found their harbour devastated. These are a series of killer waves generated in a body of water as a result of under-sea earthquake or volcanic eruptions and water is rapidly displaced on a massive scale, which can violently inundate coastlines, causing devastating damage to life and property. The actual height of tsunami wave in open water is less than one metre (unnoticeable to people on ships). The energy passes through the entire water column to depth of 4,000 metre or more, unlike surface waves, which typically reach only 10 metre or so. The wave speed ranges from 500 to 1,000 miles per hour, so the second and third wave may not arrive until more than an hour later. Thus, tsunami generally consists of series of waves or 'tsunami wave train'.
The appearance and behaviour becomes dependent on several local factors:
1. Topography of the sea floor.
2. Actual shape of the shoreline.
for more detail read ... Natural Hazards And Disaster Management : Vulnerability And Mitigation by R B Singh