[mehak jain]

Nanocellulose can also replace materials such as steel and carbon fibers : 
Cellulose fibrillators are in dimensions of 5-20 nanometers in width and up to 2,000 nanometers in length. 
Nanocellulose strength properties in class with steel but are biodegradable. 
Nanocellulose reinforcement is found to be promising for mechanical and barrier properties of composite for biopolymer and synthetic polymer.

Cellulose is the primary constituent of the plant cell wall and can be extracted from a variety of sources, such as wood, bast fibers, grasses, seed fibers, marine animals,
algae, fungi, invertebrates, and bacteria. Besides cellulose, the plant cell wall also contains hemicellulose, lignin, and small amount of extractives. Although wood species are the main source of cellulose, nonwood plants are receiving increasing interest due to their cheap availability and lower lignin content 

Figure:  Simplified structure of cellulose arrangement in hierarchical order from wood to cell wall and the structure of elementary fiber.
Source: Reproduce from Dufresne A. Nanocellulose: a new ageless bionanomaterial. Mater Today 2013

[FDArchitects]

 Nanocellulose can be divided into three main categories:

1. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), also known as cellulose whiskers 
CNCs are produced by disintegration of cellulose fibers into nanoscale particles (top to bottom process). CNCs are commonly produced using acid hydrolysis of cellulosic materials dispersed in water.
2. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), also known as nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) or cellulose nanofibers
CNFs are produced by disintegration of cellulose fibers into nanoscale particles (top to bottom process). CNFs are produced by high-pressure grinding of cellulosic pulp suspension and strongly entangled networks of nanofibrils are formed 
3. Bacterial cellulose (BC) and electrospun cellulose nanofibers (ECNFs)
BC and ECNF, the low molecular weight sugars or dissolved cellulose are generated by bacteria or electrospinning, respectively (bottom to top process)