[FDArchitects]

Approaches of urban development

Economic Development approach
Promotion of Economic Development in order to enrich the lives of people living in urban areas, economic revitalization and progress is crucial.
1.       Local Industry Promotion
a.       Development and promotion of indigenous industry
b.      Vaitalization of local and service industry
c.       Revitalization and promotion of agriculture, forestry and fishing, and industry
2.       System Development for Investment Promotion
a.       Attraction of industries from the outside
b.      Law and system development for the attraction from the outside
c.       Promotion of the tourism-related industries
3.       Infrastructure Development Supporting Economic Activities
a.       Industrial complex development
b.      Industrial corridor development

Social Development approach
Improving basic living condition of poor by providing them housing and employment opportunity
1.       Land reservation for urban poor
a.       Earmark developed land / dwelling units  for EWS /LIG category
2.       Provision for informal employment
3.       Development of Essential Infrastructure in slum areas
4.       Strengthening the Community Approach
a.       Supporting and strengthening the local  community activities

Environmental protection and disaster prevention approach
1.       Restoration and Protection of Natural Environment
a.       Restoration and protection of forest resources
b.      Protection of ecology and biological environment
2.       Prevention of Daily-Life- Induced and Industrial Pollution (i.e. Air and Water Pollution)
3.       Disaster management
a.       Promotion of community based disaster management

Capacity Development Approach
1.       Enhancement of Formulation and Implementation System & organization
a.       Development of legislation related to urban planning
b.      Improvement of administrative capability of local governments
c.       Development of GIS(Geographical Information System) and mapping

Infrastructure development approach
1.       Improvement of Transportation Facilities
2.       Improvement of Facilities of Water and Sewerage, Public Sanitation
3.       Improvement of Information and Telecommunications Facilities

[FDArchitects]

PLANNING APPROACH (STYLE)

1.      RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING
2.      ADVOCACY PLANNING
3.      POLITICAL ECONOMY PLANNING
4.      ENTREPRENEURIAL PLANNING
5.      COLLABORATIVE PLANNING
 
1.      RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING PROCESS
a.      Problem recognition & definition of planning task (s)
b.      Data collection
c.       Data processing and analysis
d.      Goals, objectives and criteria
e.      formulation
f.        Design of alternative plans
g.      Decision-making
h.      Implementation
i.        Monitoring and feedback
j.        (technical Decision-making politics)
2.      ADVOCACY PLANNING PROCESS
 
a.      Similar to RCP except:
b.      Problems defined by client groups
c.       Goals and objectives set by client groups motivated and supported by the advocate planner
d.      (Decision-making through improved local democracy)
3.      POLITICAL ECONOMY PLANNING PROCESS
 
a.      Explanation of planning activity in socio-historical context and initially ignored planning process
b.      1990s recognition of mobilisation and communication methods (communicative rationality) to interact with communities and workers (like equity planning)
 
4.      ENTREPRENEURIAL PLANNING PROCESS
a.      Skeleton RCP focusing on private sector economic management and management techniques (e.g. real estate techniques, corporate coordination tools)
5.      COLLABORATIVE PLANNING PROCESS
a.      Deconstruction of knowledge based on scientific empiricism and reconstruction of knowledge based on communicative rationality and intersubjective mutual understanding “… Expansion from notion of reason as a pure logic and scientific empiricism to encompass all ways we come to understand and know things and to use that knowledge in acting” (Healey 1996, p. 242-3)
b.      Listening (as different from hearing) is an important tool in this praxis ( Frorrester 1989)