[FDArchitects]

PLANNING APPROACH (STYLE)

1.      RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING
2.      ADVOCACY PLANNING
3.      POLITICAL ECONOMY PLANNING
4.      ENTREPRENEURIAL PLANNING
5.      COLLABORATIVE PLANNING
 
1.      RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING PROCESS
a.      Problem recognition & definition of planning task (s)
b.      Data collection
c.       Data processing and analysis
d.      Goals, objectives and criteria
e.      formulation
f.        Design of alternative plans
g.      Decision-making
h.      Implementation
i.        Monitoring and feedback
j.        (technical Decision-making politics)
2.      ADVOCACY PLANNING PROCESS
 
a.      Similar to RCP except:
b.      Problems defined by client groups
c.       Goals and objectives set by client groups motivated and supported by the advocate planner
d.      (Decision-making through improved local democracy)
3.      POLITICAL ECONOMY PLANNING PROCESS
 
a.      Explanation of planning activity in socio-historical context and initially ignored planning process
b.      1990s recognition of mobilisation and communication methods (communicative rationality) to interact with communities and workers (like equity planning)
 
4.      ENTREPRENEURIAL PLANNING PROCESS
a.      Skeleton RCP focusing on private sector economic management and management techniques (e.g. real estate techniques, corporate coordination tools)
5.      COLLABORATIVE PLANNING PROCESS
a.      Deconstruction of knowledge based on scientific empiricism and reconstruction of knowledge based on communicative rationality and intersubjective mutual understanding “… Expansion from notion of reason as a pure logic and scientific empiricism to encompass all ways we come to understand and know things and to use that knowledge in acting” (Healey 1996, p. 242-3)
b.      Listening (as different from hearing) is an important tool in this praxis ( Frorrester 1989)