Supply side management
1.Water utilities should be encouraged to create/develop own sources for water supply to avoid conflicts with irrigation/agriculture sector.
2.In case of multi-purpose projects, ensuring first priority of allocation to drinking water supply from available storages at any point of time.
3.Long-distance water supply systems must service all habitations en-route, where feasible, covering a reasonable distance on either side.
4. Local sources of water such as lakes, ponds, springs must be environmentally managed and used for water supply.
5.Conjunctive use of surface and ground water should be explored.
6.Water resources departments may adopt socially conscious actions such as imposing royalty on water; mandating water supply to all habitations in influence area; introducing efficiency incentives/disincentives on the quantum of water drawn w.r.t norms; imposing conditions for 100% treatment of waste (return) water and if not, penalties thereof.
7.Quality of source water for water supply shall be ensured and sound surveillance systems implemented.
8.Mapping and digitization of water supply networks for distribution shall be done on continuous basis. Hydraulic modeling shall be adopted for rationalizing pipe networks and ensuring equitable pressure.
9.Intensive and continuous public campaigns implemented for awareness on all water related aspects- the real worth of water; health & economic losses due to polluted water, wastages and even shortages.
Demand side management
1.Adoption of universal consumer metering and volume based tariff.
2.Over-consumption of water to be controlled by escalating tariff blocks. Lifeline access of 20 lpcd (as per WHO & UNICEF) can be subsidized whereas at consumption level of 135 lpcd, full cost recovery should be built into tariff. Consumption beyond the benchmark should attract progressively increasing tariff. This will lead not only to sustainable consumption but also revenue generation and promotion of equity.
3.Tariff should consist of a separate “energy surcharge” worked out per unit of water delivered. It should be the minimum charge on even the lifeline consumption. It should be related to the unit energy charges and adjusted/escalated automatically as per the changes in energy charges.
4.Water supply shall be on 24×7 for equity, effective metering and for best hygiene model of supply. Systems leaks & thefts can easily be revealed only with a 24×7 supply pattern.
5.Water meters and conveyance pipe upto private property line but including the meter, meter box, valves etc., shall be the property of water utility/ULB. Tampering, theft and scrap dealing in these materials shall be made illegal and offenders prosecuted.
6.The utility/ULB shall levy a meter rent (preferably as % of water consumption bill). Testing and calibration of meter shall be responsibility of utility/ULB, along with its repair and replacement.
7.The utility/ULB shall make a provision in the form of depreciation fund/sinking fund at about 5% of assessment/bill and these funds may be used towards replacements and repairs.
8.Incentives for using treated wastewater water and also from decentralised local sources.
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Urban Infrastructure and Network Study notes for M. plan Sem-III
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