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Sanchi Stupa and Bhim Vatika Caves, Bhopa, MP, India

Degree of enclosure

Spaces can be defined in varying degrees depending on the feeling the
designer is trying to communicate.

Little sense of enclosure
Lacks the image of a specific place or space-'where am I'

Partial enclosure

Strong enclosure

Sense of place, location, protection Identity
'I am in a courtyard, (or mews, etc)'

Spaces designed with closed corners have a greater sense of enclosure.

Advantages of strong enclosure

Strong sense of location, privacy
Easy to define territory, provide surveillance (see territory)
May decrease vandalism
May increase social contact between residents within communal area.

Disadvantages
If all spaces are enclosed in the same way there could be a lack of contrast

The spaces between buildings should stimulate the human senses. The quality of each space, whether large, small, high, low, wide or narrow, has observable characteristics which can be related to human reactions and feelings.

---

Spaces can be consciously designed to produce specific feelings within the user. A large urban space tends to create a grandiose feeling, with man becoming small and insignificant - in awe of the space. The present inclination of society appears to be toward fairly small groupings of dwellings which create a feeling of intimacy, protection and security as well as defining the residents' territorial boundaries, thus creating defensible spaces. The people are the important element; the spaces should be scaled for their use.

Some considerations which relate to the creation of defined enclosed spaces in urban areas. The main emphasis is on:

1. Integrating the spaces on a site into the existing urban structure.
2. Making the spaces as interesting and comfortable as possible.
3. Achieving a relationship between the spaces and the people who live in and around them - thus creating a sense of identity.

'The objective of architecture is to fulfill a specific social function, i.e. to provide an ordered enclosure for human activities.

The fact that one set of enclosures has a roof (a shelter or edifice) and the other has not (a street or garden), is merely a difference of amount of enclosure and does not alter the nature of the enclosed space'.

Erno Goldfinger
Urbanism and Spatial Order

One building standing alone in the countryside is experienced as a work of
architecture, but bring half a dozen buildings together and an art other than architecture is made possible. Several things begin to happen in the group which would be impossible for the isolated building.

We may walk through and past the buildings, and as a corner is turned an unsuspected building is suddenly revealed. We may be surprised, even astonished (a reaction generated by the composition of the group and not by the individual building).

Again, suppose that the buildings have been put together in a group so that one can get inside the group, then the space created between the buildings is seen to have a life of its own over and above lhe buildings which create it and one's reaction is to say' I am inside IT' or 'I am entering IT'.


Gordon Cullen
Townscape
'

SAFETY MANAGEMENT IS NECESSARY FOR

I. SECURING NEW BUSINESS
II. ENSURING QUALITY
III. COST CUTTING
IV. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
V. CORPORATE IMAGE
VI. COMPLIANCE WITH LAW
VII. EMPLOYEE MORALE
VIII. BEING A GOOD EMPLOYER

Use of Safety net for preventing falling of material , also use of Garden mesh for covering over the hoist to minimizes the risk.

RISK OF ELECTRICAL HAZARDS –DO’S & DONT’S

Only authorize electrician must handle electrical problem.

Do not insert loose wire into the socket, use proper rated plug top.

Do not insert loose wire into the socket, use proper rated plug top.

All cables must be insulated at the joints.

Power supply to the portable tools should be through ELCB.

All electrical DB, panels, tools etc should be protected from rain.

Suitable Fire extinguisher and caution sign to be placed.


USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
It’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you remember the
acronym PASS:
• Pull
• Aim
• Squeeze
• Sweep

RISK OF STACKING OF INFLAMMABLE MATERIALS
Flammable material storage. Separate stacking of different materials with bunds around each material to avoid mixing of spills of different materials during handling.

RISK OF LOADING & UNLOADING OF MATERIALS