The right to sanitation has been recognized in India for more than two decades, and progressively integrated into the international human rights law framework since the beginning of the century. Courts in India have derived the right from the constitutional right to life and repeatedly affirmed its existence.
Institutional arrangements for sanitation in Indian cities vary greatly. Typically, a state-level agency is in charge of planning and investment, while the local government (Urban Local Bodies) is in charge of operation and maintenance. Some of the largest cities have created municipal water and sanitation utilities that are legally and financially separated from the local government.
For Example in Tamil Nadu, the Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department (MAWS) is the principal department responsible for planning, design and execution of urban sanitation initiatives. The various government agencies within MAWS include the following:
•The Commissionerate of Municipal Administration (CMA)
•Directorate of Town Panchayat (DTP)
•Tamil Nadu Water Supply & Drainage Board (TWAD)
•Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply & Drainage Board (CMWSSB)
•Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) l •Chennai River Restoration Trust (CRRT) •Tamil Nadu Water Investment Corp. (TWIC) , •New Tiruppur Development Corporation Ltd. •Corporation of Chennai (COC) •Financial Institutions : •Tamil Nadu Urban Finance and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (TUFIDCO) •Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited (TNUIFSL)
In Rajasthan Faecal Sludge & Septage Management (FSSM) Guidelines for Urban Rajasthan is formulated by GoR In this Guidelines Roles and Responsibilities of State Level Departments & Agencies are :15
Local Self Government Department (LSGD), GoR •Overall supervision of FSSM operations in Rajasthan. •Coordinate with the State government on matters pertaining to FSSM, including the financial grant for Capital and O&M expenses. •Channelise funds from various Central, State, bilateral/ multilateral and other sources to a dedicated State Sanitation Fund and ensure the dissemination to all the ULBs •Set-up of a State FSSM Committee for inter-department coordination and related decisions.
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Urban Infrastructure and Network Study notes for M. plan Sem-III
Urban Infrastructures & Network.pdf
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