A pump is a device which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. It lifts water from a lower to a higher level and delivers it at high pressure. Pumps are employed in water supply projects at various stages for following purposes: •To lift raw water from wells. •To deliver treated water to the consumer at desired pressure. •To supply pressured water for fire hydrants. •To boost up pressure in water mains. •To fill elevated overhead water tanks. •To back-wash filters. •To pump chemical solutions, needed for water treatment.
Classification of pumps
(i) Classification based on principles of operation
• Displacement pump
• Centrifugal pumps
• Air –lift pumps
• Impulse pumps
(ii) Classification based on type of power required
• Electrical driven pumps
• Gasoline engine pumps
• Steam engine pumps
• Diesel engine pumps
(iii) Classification based on the type of services
• Low lift pumps
• High lift pumps
• Deep-well pumps
• Booster pumps
• Standby pumps
The selection of a particular type of pumps depend upon the following factors
• Capacity of pumps
• Number of pump units required
• Suction conditions
• Lift (total head)
• Discharge condition, and variation in the load
• Floor space requirement
• Flexibility of operation
• Starting & priming characteristics
• Initial cost and running costs
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Urban Infrastructure and Network Study notes for M. plan Sem-III
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