There are many different types of budgets, including personal budgets, household budgets, business budgets, and government budgets. The basic steps to creating a budget include identifying your income sources, estimating your expenses, categorizing your expenses, prioritizing your spending, and tracking your progress.
A government budget is an annual financial statement which outlines the estimated government expenditure and expected government receipts or revenues for the forthcoming fiscal year.
A government budget is a plan that outlines the government’s projected income and expenses for a specific period, usually a fiscal year. It is a financial roadmap that outlines how the government will allocate its resources to meet its priorities and goals.
The government budget typically includes revenue projections, which may come from taxes, fees, grants, and other sources. The budget also outlines how the government plans to spend this revenue, including on programs and services such as defense, education, healthcare, infrastructure, and social services.
The budgeting process for a government typically involves multiple steps, including the development of revenue projections, consultations with stakeholders, the allocation of funds to different departments and programs, and the approval and implementation of the budget by the legislative body.
Governments use budgets to manage their finances and ensure that they are spending public funds responsibly and efficiently. A well-designed budget can help promote economic growth, reduce poverty and inequality, and support social development. On the other hand, poor budget management can lead to budget deficits, inflation, and economic instability.
Depending on the feasibility of these estimates, budgets are of three types –
1.Balanced budget : estimated govt. expenditure = expected govt. revenue
2.Surplus budget : estimated govt. expenditure < expected govt. revenue
3.Deficit budget : estimated govt. expenditure > expected govt. revenue
in a particular financial year.
Budgets, whether it is prepared for National , state, or a local government have to go through a process, called budget cycle and it is consist of four phase
1.Planning and Preparation Phase : It include budget forecasts—forecasts of expenditures and revenues. In this phase, the budget is prepared based on the priorities and goals of the government or organization. The budget team identifies the revenue sources, estimates revenue and expenditures, and sets the budget targets.
2.Appropriation Phase : In this phase the budget is submitted to the legislature and it is a legislative decision on how the government spends money on various functions and activities. This phase involves the approval of the budget by the governing body or authority. The budget is reviewed, discussed, and revised as necessary before it is finally approved.
3.Implementation Phase In this phase, the budget is implemented by allocating resources and executing the planned activities. The actual revenue and expenses are tracked and compared to the budget.
4.Evaluation and audit Phase This phase involves the evaluation of the budget’s effectiveness and efficiency. The budget is audited to ensure that it was implemented according to the plan and that the financial records are accurate. This phase provides feedback on the performance of the budget and helps to inform future budget planning and preparation.
Overall, the budget cycle is an ongoing process that requires continuous monitoring and adjustment to ensure that the government or organization is achieving its goals and using its resources effectively.
सरकारी बजट एक योजना होती है जो किसी विशिष्ट अवधि, आमतौर पर एक वित्त वर्ष के लिए सरकार की अपेक्षित आमदन और व्यय को दर्शाती है। यह एक वित्तीय रोडमैप होता है जो दर्शाता है कि सरकार अपने संसाधनों को कैसे विभाजित करेगी ताकि वह अपनी प्राथमिकताओं और लक्ष्यों को पूरा कर सके।
सरकारी बजट आमतौर पर आय के आंकड़ों को अनुमानित करता है, जो कर, शुल्क, सब्सिडी और अन्य स्रोतों से आ सकते हैं। बजट में यह भी दर्शाया जाता है कि सरकार कैसे इन आय स्रोतों का उपयोग करके व्यय करेगी। इसमें संरक्षण, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य और विकास जैसे क्षेत्रों पर ध्यान केंद्रित किया जाता है।
सरकारी बजट तैयारी की प्रक्रिया में कई चरण होते हैं, जिसमें आय के अनुमान, स्टेकहोल्डरों के सलाह, विभागों और कार्यक्रमों के लिए धन का आवंटन और बजट के अनुमोदन और अंगीकार की प्रक्रिया शामिल होती है।
अनुमानों की व्यवस्थिता के आधार पर बजट तीन प्रकार के होते हैं –
एक विशिष्ट वित्तीय वर्ष में।
सरकारी बजट, चाहे वह राष्ट्रीय, राज्यीय या स्थानीय सरकार के लिए तैयार किया जाए, उसे एक प्रक्रिया से गुजरना होता है, जिसे बजट चक्र कहा जाता है और यह चार चरणों से मिलकर बना होता है।
Finance investments in infrastructure and services
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