Innovative strategies of resource mobilization in India :
India has implemented several innovative strategies for resource mobilization to fund its development initiatives. Here are some examples:
1. Internal Resource Mobilisation:
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) is one of the largest municipal corporations in India and has implemented various strategies for internal resource mobilization. Here are some examples:
- Property tax: AMC collects property tax from residential and commercial properties within its jurisdiction. The corporation has implemented a geographic information system (GIS) to map properties and assess their values. This has helped in the efficient collection of property taxes. Efficient handling of Property Tax disputes and enhancing tax compliance through strengthening of enforcement mechanisms
- Advertisement revenue: AMC earns revenue through advertisements on its properties such as bus shelters, public toilets, and hoardings. The corporation has also introduced an online system for the allocation of advertisement spaces, which has increased transparency and efficiency.
- User fees: AMC collects fees from citizens for services such as water supply, waste management, and health services. The corporation has implemented a smart card system for the collection of water bills, which has increased efficiency in revenue collection.
- Parking fees: AMC has implemented a parking fee system for vehicles parked on public roads. The corporation has introduced a mobile app for the payment of parking fees, which has made it easier for citizens to pay their dues.
- Sale of property: AMC sells its unused or surplus properties to generate revenue. The corporation has introduced an online system for the sale of properties, which has increased transparency and efficiency.
- Improving the base of Octroi through updating of tax records, plugging of leakages and evasion,
2. Charges for Institution and Change of Land Use:
Andhra Pradesh has implemented charges for institution and change of land use to mobilize resources. Here are some details about the charges:
- Institutional land: If an institution, such as a school or hospital, wants to acquire land for its use, it has to pay a fee to the government. The fee is based on the location and market value of the land.
- Change of land use: If an individual or entity wants to change the land use of a particular plot, such as from agricultural to commercial, they have to pay a fee to the government. The fee is based on the market value of the land and the proposed land use.
The fees collected through these charges are used for infrastructure development, such as the construction of roads and bridges, and the provision of public services. The charges also help the government to regulate land use and prevent the misuse of land.
3. Transferable Development Right (TDR) :
Transferable Development Rights is a policy tool used by the Mumbai Municipal Corporation (MMC) for resource mobilization. Here are some details about the TDR policy:
- What is TDR? TDR is a certificate that entitles the holder to use additional floor space index (FSI) on a particular plot of land. FSI is a measure of the built-up area allowed on a plot of land. The TDR certificate can be sold or transferred to another party, who can then use the additional FSI on their own plot of land.
- How is TDR generated? TDR is generated when the MMC acquires land for public purposes, such as the construction of roads, parks, or other public amenities. The owner of the acquired land is compensated with TDR certificates, which they can use for their own development projects or sell on the market.
- How is TDR used? The TDR certificates can be used by the holder to increase the FSI on their own land, or they can be sold to other developers who need additional FSI for their projects. The market value of TDR certificates varies depending on demand and supply.
- Benefits of TDR: TDR is a cost-effective way for the MMC to acquire land for public purposes, as it does not have to pay cash compensation to the landowner. It also enables the efficient use of urban land, as developers can purchase TDR certificates to increase the FSI on their existing plots rather than acquiring new land.
Under the TDR concept, the development potential of a plot of land partly or fully reserved for public purpose can be separated from the land itself and be made available to the owner of the land by way of TDR in the form of Floor Space Index
The TDR policy has been successfully implemented by the MMC and has helped to mobilize resources for public purposes. It has also been adopted by other cities in India as a tool for resource mobilization and urban planning
4 .Regularization of Unauthorized Constructions: Andhra Pradesh
5. External Development Charges: Haryana Urban Development Authority
“External development works” include: sewerage, drains, roads and electrical works, which may have to be executed in the periphery of, or outside, a colony for the joint benefit of two or more colonies.
6. Land Disposal Policy: City and Industrial Development Corporation(CIDCO) Maharashtra : CIDCO has used land pricing as the key important instrument to promote development while recovering the cost of land as well as infrastructure facilities.
These are some of the innovative strategies that India has implemented to mobilize resources for its development goals.
हिंदी Hindi
भारत में संसाधन जुटाने की नवीन रणनीतियाँ:
अहमदाबाद नगर निगम (AMC) भारत में सबसे बड़े नगर निगमों में से एक है और आंतरिक संसाधनों को जुटाने के लिए विभिन्न रणनीतियों को लागू कर चुका है। यहां कुछ उदाहरण हैं:
- संपत्ति कर: AMC अपनी अधिकारधीन क्षेत्र में निवासी और वाणिज्यिक संपत्तियों से संपत्ति कर वसूलता है। निगम ने संपत्तियों को मैप करने और उनके मूल्यों का मूल्यांकन करने के लिए भौगोलिक सूचना प्रणाली (GIS) का लागू किया है। इससे संपत्ति करों की कुशलतापूर्वक वसूली में मदद मिली है। संपत्ति कर विवादों को कुशलतापूर्वक संभालना और प्रभावी निर्धारण मेकेनिज़्म को मजबूत करके कर अनुपालन को बढ़ावा देना
- विज्ञापन राजस्व: AMC बस शेल्टर, सार्वजनिक शौचालय और होर्डिंग्स जैसी अपनी संपत्तियों पर विज्ञापन के माध्यम से राजस्व कमाता है। निगम ने विज्ञापन स्थानों के आवंटन के लिए एक ऑनलाइन सिस्टम भी लागू किया है, जो पारदर्शिता और कुशलता में वृद्धि हुई है।
- उपयोगकर्ता शुल्क: एएमसी नागरिकों से जल आपूर्ति, कचरा प्रबंधन और स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं जैसी सेवाओं के लिए शुल्क वसूल करता है। कॉर्पोरेशन ने जल बिल वसूली के लिए स्मार्ट कार्ड सिस्टम लागू किया है, जो राजस्व वसूली में दक्षता बढ़ाने में मदद करता है।
- पार्किंग शुल्क: एएमसी ने सार्वजनिक सड़कों पर खड़े वाहनों के लिए एक पार्किंग शुल्क सिस्टम लागू किया है। कॉर्पोरेशन ने पार्किंग शुल्क भुगतान के लिए मोबाइल ऐप लॉन्च किया है, जिससे नागरिकों को अपने कर्तव्यों का भुगतान करना आसान हो गया है।
- संपत्ति बेचना: एएमसी अपनी अपयुक्त या अतिरिक्त संपत्तियों को बेचकर राजस्व उत्पन्न करता है। कॉर्पोरेशन ने संपत्तियों की बिक्री के लिए एक ऑनलाइन सिस्टम लागू किया है, जिससे नागरिकों को बिक्री के बारे में अधिक दिखावट और कार्यक्षमता मिली है।
- ऑक्ट्रोई के बेस को सुधारना: टैक्स रिकॉर्ड को अपडेट करके, छिड़काव और टैक्स अवहेलना को रोककर ऑक्ट्रोई के बेस को सुधारा जाना है।
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FD Planning Community Forum Discussion
- State Finance Commissions and Rural Local Bodies Devolution of Resources
- Interview with B K Sinha – The Municipal midas
- Municipal bond in India
- Bilateral and Multi-lateral Financial Institutions
- Cost recovery
- Investment needs and Budgeting for Infrastructure and Service in Metro towns
- Subsidy Reduction
- Revenue Sources of Controlling Authorities
- Public Private partnership
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