Complete access to sewerage – sanitation 1.Access to sanitation facilities shall be universalized (100%) without any barriers of any cost/fee, land tenure etc., including urban poor settlements, unauthorized slums / colonies. 2.All properties/ holdings should be connected to sewerage system, even if they are not connected to a public/municipality water supply system. 3.Sewerage system need […]
Water supply Network
Supply side management 1.Water utilities should be encouraged to create/develop own sources for water supply to avoid conflicts with irrigation/agriculture sector. 2.In case of multi-purpose projects, ensuring first priority of allocation to drinking water supply from available storages at any point of time. 3.Long-distance water supply systems must service all habitations en-route, where feasible, covering […]
Utility Networks Planning
Utility networks—consisting of water, soild waste, electricity, gas, and telecommunication systems—underpin the economic, social, and environmental performance of modern life. They are the basic spatial infrastructure grids which, quite literally, provide the fundamental conduits through which modern cities operate 17 Issues in utility network planning •Changing utility demands caused by economic, social, and spatial restructuring […]
Institutional arrangements in MSWM
Planning for an efficient and advanced MSWM system should include an effective institutional structure capable to steer and implement the MSWM system. Role of Central, State and Local Governments in MSWM Central Government • Legal & Policy Framework: The SWM Rules, 2016 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC) mandate provision of […]
PROCESSING AND TREATMENT OF MSW WASTE TO ENERGY
Where material recovery and composting from MSW is not possible or desirable due to local conditions or because of the nature of waste, recovery of energy from MSW is suggested as a feasible alternative. When high calorific value fractions of MSW are either incinerated (thermal process) or biodegradable fraction of MSW is processed anaerobically (biomethanation), […]
Windrow Composting
Windrow composting process consists of placing the pre-sorted feedstock in long narrow piles called windrows that are turned on a regular basis for boosting passive aeration. The turning operation mixes the composting materials and enhances passive aeration. Figure gives an overview of the windrow composting process although the figures presented may vary with the characteristics […]
Process of Aerobic Composting
During aerobic composting, microorganisms oxidize organic compounds to carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrite, and nitrate. Carbon from organic compounds is used as a source of energy while nitrogen is recycled. Due to chemical reactions producing heat, temperature of the mass rises. Several biological, chemical, and physical processes contribute to the success of the aerobic composting Biological […]
PROCESSING AND TREATMENT OF MSW COMPOSTING
Composting is a controlled aerobic process of biologically “digesting” the MSW, so it may be recycled for other purposes—plant nutrient, stabilization of soil in remediation process, or soil amendment for recovery of poor soils. Compost production can be carried out at the decentralised level home composting, bin composting, box composting, vermicomposting, invessel composting at a […]
UNIT PROCESSES IN MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITY
An MRF unit, depending on the level of complexity, will consist of a combination of units in varying degrees of mechanization Pre-sorting: Bulky and contaminated wastes hamper further sorting or processing in the facility; mechanical or manual pre-sorting is essential to separate out these wastes. Manual sorting results in higher labourcosts and lower processing rates. […]
PROCESSING AND TREATMENT OF MSW RECYCLING AND RECOVERY
A material recovery facility (MRF) is a place where non-biodegradable or recyclable solid waste collected from the doorstep is segregated, sorted and various components of recyclable waste recovered from it for resale. The MRF accepts mixtures of waste fractions (non-biodegradable or recyclable) and its configuration depends on the several factors like the type, quantity and […]