Waste Water Disposal : Projects Planning

Design considerations:

A. Engineering 

B. Environmental

C. Process

D. Cost

A. Engineering Considerations ( Para 1.3.1 of CPHEEO Manual)

Topographical, engineering and other considerations which figure prominently in project design are noted below:

1. Design period, stage wise population to be served and expected sewage flow and fluctuations

2. Topography of general area to be served, its slope and terrain.  Tentative sites available for treatment plant, pumping stations and disposal works

3. Available hydraulic head in the system up to high flood level in case of disposal to a nearby river or high tide level in case of coastal discharge or the level of the irrigation are to be commanded in case of land disposal

4.Ground water depth and its seasonal fluctuation affecting construction, sewer infiltration, structural design (uplift considerations) 5.Soil bearing capacity and type of strata expected to be met in construction 6.On site disposal facilities, including the possibilities of segregating the sullage water and sewage and reuse or recycle sullage water within the households

B Environmental Considerations: (Para 1.3.2 of CPHEEO Manual) 

The environmental and socio-economic impacts of a sewage treatment plant may prove adverse during the operation stage.  Therefore the following aspects should be considered during design. 

i)Surface water Hydrology and Quality

ii)Ground water quality

iii)Coastal water quality

iv)Odour and Mosquito nuisance

v)Public Health and 

vi)Landscaping

C. Process Considerations:  ( Para 1.3.3 of CPHEEO Manual)

Process considerations involve factors which affect the choice of treatment method, its design criteria and related requirements such as the following: i)Waste water flow and characteristics   ii)Degree of treatment required iii)Performance characteristics iv)Other process requirements such as land, power operating equipments, skilled staff, nature of maintenance problems, extent of sludge production and its disposal requirements, loss of head through plant in relation to available head etc.

D. Cost Considerations: ( Para 1.3.4 of CPHEEO Manual)

The overall costs (Capital and operating) have to be determined in order to arrive at the most optimum solution

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