The Union government supports several developmental initiatives at the state level. These schemes are aimed at supplementing the efforts made by state governments since the central government has more resources at its disposal.
Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) are programs and initiatives implemented by the central government of India in collaboration with state governments. These schemes are designed to address issues that require a coordinated effort by the central and state governments and are funded by both the central and state governments.
Under the CSS, the central government provides a certain percentage of the funding required for a particular scheme, while the state government provides the remaining amount. The central government sets the guidelines for each scheme, and the state government is responsible for implementing the scheme within its state.
CSS cover a wide range of areas, including education, health, rural development, agriculture, and infrastructure. Some of the popular CSS in India include the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, and the National Rural Health Mission.
The central government provides financial assistance to the state governments for CSS through two channels: statutory and non-statutory. Under the statutory channel, the central government transfers funds directly to the state governments, while under the non-statutory channel, the central government provides assistance through various institutions like the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and the National Housing Bank (NHB).
There are 29 centrally sponsored schemes. These are broadly divided into two categories – core of the core schemes and core schemes.
Centrally Sponsored Schemes: Core of the core schemes
The six core of the core schemes are:
1.National Social Assistance Programme
2.MGNREGA or the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
3.Umbrella Scheme for Development of Scheduled Castes
4.Umbrella Programme for Development of Scheduled Tribes
5.Umbrella Scheme for Development of Minorities
6.Umbrella Scheme for Development of Other Vulnerable Groups
Centrally Sponsored Schemes: Core schemes
There are 23 other centrally sponsored schemes, which are listed under core schemes. Most of the flagship schemes of the Union government are covered under this category. The centrally sponsored core schemes are:
1.Green Revolution
2. White Revolution
3.Blue Revolution
4.Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojna (PMKSY)
5.Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna
6.Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (PMAY)
7.Rural Drinking Water Mission
8.Swachch Bharat Mission (SBM)
9.National Health Mission
10.Mid Day meal in schools
11.National Livelihood Mission – Ajeevika
12.Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rurban Mission
13.Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA)
14.Rasthriya Swasthya Bima Yojana
15.National Education Mission
16.Umbrella ICDS
17.Mission for Protection and Empowerment of Women
18.Jobs and Skill Development
19.Environment Forestry and Wildlife
20.Urban Rejuvenation Mission: AMRUT and Smart Cities Mission
21.Modernisation of Police Forces
22.Infrastructure Facilities for Judiciary
23.Border Area Development Programme
The CSS have played a significant role in the development of India, particularly in the areas of education, health, and infrastructure. However, there have been criticisms that the CSS may lead to a reduction in the flexibility of the state governments to allocate resources according to their priorities.
In summary, Centrally Sponsored Schemes are programs and initiatives implemented by the central government in collaboration with state governments to address issues that require a coordinated effort. These schemes cover a wide range of areas, and the central government provides financial assistance to the state governments for the implementation of the schemes.
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