Planning

Participatory  approach  aimed at democratizing decision making at all levels of society. Participation has been intrinsically linked to the idea of empowering groups who are less able to make themselves heard, enabling them to effectively defend their interests against the […]

Policy monitoring is the process of regularly checking and evaluating the implementation and impact of policies. 1. Managerial Approaches : The management of the public sector has now adopted more or less business-like style, the techniques of which were once […]

Monitoring is an activity which occurs in the course of implementing a programme or a policy. The objective of policy monitoring is to ensure, through the policy implementation process, that resource inputs are used as efficiently as possible to yield […]

Decision-making is usually defined as a process or sequence of activities involving stages of problem recognition, search for information, definition of alternatives and the selection of an actor of one from two or more alternatives consistent with the ranked preferences. […]

The policy scientists have created theories and models to help them understand and explain the policy making process. Following the widely accepted conceptual scheme of Thomas Dye, Policy Models can be conveniently classified into the following seven types: 5 1. […]

Problems in the implementation of policy are common in all countries, be they developed or developing. Even with relatively good administrative structures, public policy often does not have its intended impact due to conceptual and political problems. 5 1 Conceptual […]

Implementation is what realizes decision or what generates outputs? It can be seen essentially in terms of the nature and degree of control exercised over the operations of a policy. Policy-making does not come to an end, once a policy […]

STEPS of POLICY ANALYSIS 4 1) Verify, define and detail the problem 2) Establish evaluation criteria 3) Identify alternative policies 4) Assess alternative policies 5) Display and distinguish among alternatives 6) Implement, monitor, and evaluate the policy 1) VERIFY, DEFINE […]

As the private sector is mostly guided by the profit maximisation motive for the owners and have little consideration for the national objectives and priorities, thus it may adopt certain undesirable steps which may go against the interest of the […]

1.Lack of initiation and efficiency: Lack of profit motive leads to inefficiency and slow working. Therefore decision making is not so quick in public sector like in private enterprises. Public Enterprises are managed like Government offices, thus efficiency cannot be […]