STEPS of POLICY ANALYSIS 4
1) Verify, define and detail the problem
2) Establish evaluation criteria
3) Identify alternative policies
4) Assess alternative policies
5) Display and distinguish among alternatives
6) Implement, monitor, and evaluate the policy
1) VERIFY, DEFINE AND DETAIL THE PROBLEM
This is the most important and relevant of all the steps because many times the objectives of the problem analysis are not clear and in some cases the objectives are contradictory. Therefore, Patton and Sawicki Suggest “ don’t accept the initial problem statement without question. It may be only the tip of the iceberg, a part of a larger problem, or one that cannot be influenced by the client or decision maker
•State the problem meaningfully:
•Determine the magnitude and extent of the problem
•Continually re-define the problem in light of what is possible
•Eliminate irrelevant material
•Question the accepted thinking about the problem
•Question initial formulations of the problem
•Say it with data
•Locate similar policy analyses
•Locate relevant sources of data
•Eliminate ambiguity
•Clarify objectives
•Resolve conflicting goals
•Focus on the central, critical factors
•Is it important? Is it unusual? Can it be solved?
•Identify who is concerned, and why?
•What power do concerned parties have?
•Make a quick estimate of resources required to deal with the problem
2) ESTABLISH EVALUATION CRITERIA
•What are the important policy goals, and how will they be measured?
•Identify criteria central to the problem and relevant to the stakeholders
•Clarify goals, values and objectives
•Identify desirable and undesirable outcomes
•Is there a rank order of importance among the criteria? What will be the rules for comparing alternatives?
•Administrative Ease
•Costs and benefits
•Effectiveness
•Equity
•Legality Political acceptability
3) IDENTIFY ALTERNATIVE POLICIES
•Consider a wide range of options
•Consider the status quo, or no-action alternative
•Consult with experts
•Brainstorming, Delphi, Scenario writing
•Redefine the problem if necessary
4) ASSESS ALTERNATIVE POLICIES
•Select appropriate methods and apply them correctly
•Estimate expected outcomes, effects, and impacts of each policy alternative
•Do the predicted outcomes meet the desired goals?
•Can some alternatives be quickly discarded
•Continue in-depth analysis of alternatives that make the first cut
5) DISPLAY AND DISTINGUISH AMONG ALTERNATIVES
•Choose a format for display
•Show strengths and weaknesses of each alternative
•Describe the best and worst case scenario for each alternative
•Use matrices, reports, lists, charts, scenarios, arguments
6) IMPLEMENT, MONITOR, AND EVALUATE THE POLICY
•Draw up a plan for implementation
•Design monitoring system
•Suggest design for policy evaluation
•Was the policy properly implemented?
•Did the policy have the intended effect(s)?
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Urban Development Policies Study notes for M. plan Sem-II
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