Trip Distribution

Trip Distribution is the second step in the Sequential Demand Modelling arrangement.

Trip distribution estimates the number of trips that will be made between different origin-destination pairs within a study area. Trip distribution takes into account factors such as the size and attractiveness of different destinations, as well as the travel impedance between them.

Underlying principle of trip Distribution can be explained as follows: the zones that are attracting trip are in competition with each other thus depending on the attractiveness of the zones and the intervening factors affecting the choice of the zone will be considered. For example two zones having shopping malls, the trips from trip producing zone will be more attracted to the shopping mall which much closer, thus the attractiveness in this case is determined by the distance factor between the production zone and attraction zone. Other factors that are generally taken into consideration are out of pocket cost, generalised cost, travel time etc.

The trip distribution process typically involves the following steps:

1. Define the study area: The first step in trip distribution is to define the study area and divide it into zones based on geography, population density, or other relevant factors.
2. Develop an impedance matrix: An impedance matrix represents the travel impedance or cost of travel between each pair of zones in the study area. This matrix can be developed based on factors such as distance, travel time, mode of transportation, and road or transit network characteristics.
3. Estimate trip productions and attractions: The next step is to estimate the number of trips produced by each zone and the number of trips attracted to each zone, based on data such as employment or population density.
4. Apply a trip distribution model: The trip distribution model uses the impedance matrix and trip productions and attractions data to estimate the number of trips that will be made between each origin-destination pair.
5. Validate the model: The final step is to validate the trip distribution model by comparing its predictions to actual travel behavior data, such as traffic counts or travel surveys. The model can then be adjusted or refined as needed.

Trip Distribution methods  are of two broad types

1. Growth factor method

i) Uniform growth factor model

ii) Average factor method

iii) Detroit model

2. Inter area travel formulae or mathematical models

i)Gravity model

ii)Opportunity model

iii)Interactance model.

The results of the trip distribution analysis can be used to inform transportation planning and infrastructure design decisions, such as the location of new roads or transit routes, the size and location of parking facilities, or the allocation of transportation funding. By accurately predicting travel patterns and demand, transportation planners can design more efficient and effective transportation systems that meet the needs of residents, employees, and visitors within a region.

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FD Planning Community Forum Discussion

• Land Use Transport Integration and Density of Urban Growth Toolkit
• Integration of Land Use and Transport Planning
• Introduction – Modelling Transport – Ortuzar Willumsen
• Mathematical Prerequisites from Modelling Transport
• data and space from Modelling Transport 
• Trip Generation Modelling from Modelling Transport
• Modal split and direct demand models from Modelling Transport
• Discrete choice models from Modelling Transport

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