Planning

Social equity is the equitable distribution of impacts. It is defined as the equal distribution of benefits, disadvantages and costs among people. On the subject of infrastructure it has three main dimensions •distribution of impacts as horizontal dimension, •income and […]

Optimal allocation of resources for infrastructure facilities is a critical issue in planning for development but it is also a critical consideration for the every day life of urban dweller. In addition to optimal allocation, equally important is also the […]

This resource analysis is a strategic planning tool which considers (a)the resources required to support particular strategies, and those needed to gain ‘competitive’ advantage (b)the required competencies to effectively use those resources. ● A resource analysis needs to consider how […]

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the trash or garbage that is discarded day to day in a human settlement. According to MSW Rules 2000 MSW includes commercial and residential wastes generated in a municipal or notified areas in either solid […]

Based on the estimated requirements of power supply as per the National Electricity Policy published in 2005, the recommended consumption is 1000 units per Capita per year or 2.74 kWh per capita per day demand which included domestic, commercial, industrial […]

Identification of land for water infrastructure is an essential parameter. It is necessary to earmark land for Water Treatment Plant (WTP) in Development Plans. Also land for overhead reservoirs, pumping stations should be marked at the zonal level or local […]

Water Supply Standards Recommended maximum water supply levels (lpcd) as indicated by the CPHEEO 1.Towns provided with piped water supply but without sewerage system 70 lpcd 2.Cities provided with piped water supply where sewerage system is existing / contemplated is […]

Water Water, which is essential for life, growth and health, can also be a source of spread of diseases and cause of ill-health, if contaminated or improperly handled and stored. Safe drinking water plays a major role in the overall […]

1.Demographic Challenge : The demographic challenge is related to the dynamics of the urban population. Currently, the growth of urban populations in many areas of India outpaces the ability of most urban infrastructure managers to expand their systems and provide […]