A waterproofing is an essential requirement of a structure to withstand the changes of weather and protect building from chemical attack. Water proofing can be defined as the formation of an internal and external membrane which is capable of preventing water from entering or escaping through a permeable layer. For example, on a flat terrace, a waterproofing membrane could be laid above the structural slab and below the finish tiles. This will ensure that water does not seep into the structural slab. The tiles and membrane must be laid over a filler material that is sloped to ensure that water flows into sumps and drains. Any water that remains as puddles over the tiles is likely to seep into the slab over time, so puddles are to be avoided at all costs.
Essential properties
Essential properties of waterproofing materials must possess the following properties:
- They should minimize the absorption of water by substrate.
- They should exhibit sufficient bond strength with the substrate to resist the outward thrust caused by hydrostatic pressure.
- They should be sufficiently elastic to avoid cracking and leaking.
- Puncture resistance
- Dimensional stability
- Durability when expose to the environmental agents of degradation (wind, rain, temperature and UV radiation).
- Waterproof but not vapour proof
- Elongation at rupture
- Tear resistance
- Flow resistance for high temperature
- Good flexibility (especially for low temperature)
- Water tightness
Detailing of Water proofing
The waterproofing can be done from several materials . This is due to the fact that the process of waterproofing is quite complicated and the system of waterproofing has to withstand different parameters, which differ from case to case. It is evident that the waterproofing system cannot be better than the materials used. While selecting the materials for waterproofing systems one has to consider several conditions at the site jointly and individually. The materials for waterproofing in effect should have properties like water-tightness, flexibility, crack-bridging ability, bonding strength, breathability, resistance to UV radiations, microbial attacks, fungus growth, mechanical stresses, insulation characteristics and above all the cost effectiveness.
Type of Externally Applied Membranes
- Liquid Applied Membrane
1.1 Cementitious applications
1.1.1 Crystalline
1.1.2 Flexible
1.1.3 Rigid
1.2 Polyurethane coatings
1.3 Bituminous coatings
1.4 Acrylic coatings - Preformed Membranes
2.1 Torch-on membrane system
2.2 Loose-laid system
2.3 Self-adhesive system
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