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The Cosine Law of Illuminance is fundamental principle in lighting design and engineering that describes the relationship between the angle of incidence of light and the level of illuminance on a surface. The law states that the illuminance on a […]

The Inverse Square Law of Illuminance is a fundamental principle in lighting design and engineering that describes the relationship between the distance of a light source and the level of illuminance (light intensity) on a surface. The law states that […]

Luminaire efficiency is a measure of the effectiveness of a lighting system in delivering light output from the light source to the area being illuminated. It is expressed as a percentage and is calculated by dividing the total light output […]

Luminance is a measure of the brightness of a surface that is illuminated by a light source. It is the amount of light that is emitted, reflected or transmitted by a surface per unit area, in a given direction. Luminance […]

Illuminance is the measure of the amount of light that falls onto a surface per unit area. It is measured in lux (lx), which is the SI unit of illuminance. E=Φ/A A= Illuminated surface (m2) Φ = Luminous flux (lumen) […]

Luminous intensity (I) is the ability to emit light into a given direction, or it is the luminous flux that is radiated by the light source in a given direction within the unit of the spatial angel.  unit :-candela. I=Φ/Ω […]

Luminous flux (Φ) is the quantity of the energy of the light emitted per second in all directions. Unit :- lumen (lm). Luminous flux is a measure of the total amount of visible light that is emitted by a light […]