Land development attributes

Variables or attributes used to measure the impact of land use on traffic

Density

•Site intensity

•Gross population,

•household density

•Net household density

•Employment density Retail

•service employment density

Mix of uses

•Percent floor space in office,

•retail use Ratio of on-site employees to housing units within 3 miles

•Entropy variables (land use balance)

•Dissimilarity variables (land use mix)

•Buildings with mixed office and retail vs. buildings with only office

•Retail, residences, offices within ¼ mile

•Convenience services within ¼ mile

•Number of land use changes along a route

•Fraction of population within ¼ mile of neighborhood shopping

•Employment density of residential zones

•Commercial or other non-residential buildings within 300 ft of residence

•Proportion of commercial parcels with vertical mixed use

•Proportion of residential units within ¼ mile of convenience retail

•Distance to nearest grocery store, gas station, park Retail, office, dominance

Connectivity of networks

•Access to regional centers, commercial employment within a zone

•Employment accessible within 30 min. By car, transit

•Proportion of commercial jobs within ¼ mile of bus stop or within zone

•Distance to CBD, activity center(s)

•Presence of continuous sidewalks or pedestrian paths

•Density of census block

•Proportion of residential areas with gridded streets

•Road density per household , Road network by type

•Number of street intersections, dead-end streets

•Gridded street patterns; Discontinuous street pattern

•Proportion of four-way intersections

Parking supply and availability

•Parking supply

•Number of parking spaces per employee

•Proportion of commercial parcels with paid off-street or abutting on-street parking

Pedestrian environment

•Number of residents, employees within ¼ mile of bus stop

•Various variables measuring urban design characteristics (Cervero and Kochleman 1996)

•Presence of sidewalks or pedestrian paths

•Proportion of street frontage with sidewalks; without buildings; or with trees; of blocks with sidewalks

•Number of signalized crosswalks, striped crosswalks

•Sidewalk width; Width of widest sidewalk

•Number of sidewalk benches

•Presence of bike paths; Length of arterials

•Distance between overhead street lights

• Absence of vacant lots, graffiti

There are several variables or attributes used to measure the impact of land use on traffic. These include:

1. Trip generation: The number of trips generated by a land use is a key variable used to assess its impact on traffic. Higher trip generation rates can lead to increased traffic congestion and travel times.
2. Trip distribution: The spatial distribution of trips generated by a land use is also important, as it can influence the demand for transportation infrastructure in different areas.
3. Mode choice: The mode of transportation chosen by individuals for a particular trip can impact traffic congestion, travel times, and the demand for parking facilities.
4. Route choice: The specific route chosen by individuals for a particular trip can impact traffic congestion and travel times on different roadways and intersections.
5. Parking demand: The amount of parking demand generated by a land use can impact traffic congestion and the availability of on-street parking.
6. Time of day and day of week: The timing of trips generated by a land use can impact traffic congestion and travel times, particularly during peak periods.
7. Transit ridership: The demand for transit services generated by a land use can impact traffic congestion and travel times, particularly if transit ridership is high.

By measuring and analyzing these variables, planners and traffic engineers can better understand the impact of land use on traffic and develop strategies to mitigate any negative impacts. For example, they may recommend the development of public transportation facilities, the implementation of transportation demand management strategies, or the construction of new transportation infrastructure to accommodate increased traffic volumes.

Land Use Impacts on Traffic

Land use and Transport Planning home page

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FD Planning Community Forum Discussion

• Land Use Transport Integration and Density of Urban Growth Toolkit
• Integration of Land Use and Transport Planning
• Introduction – Modelling Transport – Ortuzar Willumsen
• Mathematical Prerequisites from Modelling Transport
• data and space from Modelling Transport 
• Trip Generation Modelling from Modelling Transport
• Modal split and direct demand models from Modelling Transport
• Discrete choice models from Modelling Transport

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