Land use and Transport Planning

Land use-Transport Integration

Land use and transport are intricately related. While urban structure determines travel demand and transport supply influences urban structure. The location and design of spatial development has a fundamental influence on travel patterns.  At the same time, the location and characteristics of major transport infrastructure impacts the allocation of land uses from both macro and site plan perspectives.

With the advent of automobiles, the mobility of people increased and it provided them with the flexibility to stay in a better living environment, farther away from the city centre. As the private vehicle ownership

grew, it led to the outward expansion of the city. The city sizes grew and with the increase in vehicular volumes, new wider roads were developed providing better mobility to access different places to fulfil daily needs.

Thus, this trend of increasing motorization is leading to sprawling cities characterized by low density, longer travel distances due to increasing city sizes and dispersed development patterns, and resulted in road congestion and green house gas emissions, deterioration of environment, increased accidents and diminution of urban life standards.

As per Alonso’s theory, land values and population densities decline as one move away from the city centre. As the city grows larger because of urban sprawl, density decay curves become flatter.

Land use-transport integration is an approach to urban planning that aims to create a more efficient, sustainable, and livable urban environment by coordinating land use and transportation policies. It involves integrating transportation systems, such as public transit, biking, and walking infrastructure, with land use policies, such as zoning and building codes, to encourage more sustainable and active transportation modes.

The goal of land use-transport integration is to create compact, mixed-use, and walkable communities where people can easily access the services they need, without having to rely heavily on private vehicles. By reducing the need for long commutes and encouraging sustainable transportation options, this approach can help reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Examples of land use-transport integration measures include designing streets and public spaces to be more pedestrian and bicycle-friendly, increasing access to public transportation, implementing transit-oriented development (TOD) policies that encourage high-density, mixed-use development around transit stations, and adopting zoning codes that allow for a mix of residential and commercial uses in the same area.

Land use-Transport cycle

URBAN DYNAMICS

Land use patterns at macro and micro levels

Transportation Problem in cities

Mobility and Accessibility

Benefits of land use transport Integration

Case cities of land use –transport integration : Ahmedabad

Tools for Land use –Transport Integration

• Density
• Land use Mix
• Strategic Network
• TOD and DOT

Key elements of Integration

Institutional Framework for LUTP

Component of Land Use-Transport Model

1. Land use models
2. Spatial interactions models
3. Transportation network models

Measurement and quantification of Land Use-Transport system

Land use transport model

1. Density saturation gradient method (DSG) :
2. Hansen’s accessibility model (HAM)
3. Intervening opportunity model
4. Garin Lowry model

Travel Demand Model

Trip generation analysis

Route Choice

Trip Distribution

Growth factor method

Modal split

Traffic Assignment

Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA)

Attributes used to measure the impact of land use on traffic

Land Use Impacts on Traffic

Trip generation rates of different land uses

Travel demand Analysis based on land-use

Land-use measures to reduce traffic congestion

Pedestrian Problems

Pedestrian safety

Pedestrian safety : Land-use planning factors

Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

Principles of National TOD Policy

Approach for TOD Implementation National TOD policy

Download Study Notes PDF

Land use and Transport Planning.pdf

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FD Planning Community Forum Discussion

• Land Use Transport Integration and Density of Urban Growth Toolkit
• Integration of Land Use and Transport Planning
• Introduction – Modelling Transport – Ortuzar Willumsen
• Mathematical Prerequisites from Modelling Transport
• data and space from Modelling Transport 
• Trip Generation Modelling from Modelling Transport
• Modal split and direct demand models from Modelling Transport
• Discrete choice models from Modelling Transport

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