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Windrow composting process consists of placing the pre-sorted feedstock in long narrow piles called windrows that are turned on a regular basis for boosting passive aeration. The turning operation mixes the composting materials and enhances passive aeration. Figure gives an […]

During aerobic composting, microorganisms oxidize organic compounds to carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrite, and nitrate. Carbon from organic compounds is used as a source of energy while nitrogen is recycled. Due to chemical reactions producing heat, temperature of the mass rises. […]

Composting  is a controlled aerobic process of biologically “digesting” the MSW, so it may be recycled for other purposes—plant nutrient, stabilization of soil in remediation process, or soil amendment for recovery of poor soils. Compost production can be carried out […]

An MRF unit, depending on the level of complexity, will consist of a combination of units in varying degrees of mechanization Pre-sorting: Bulky and contaminated wastes hamper further sorting or processing in the facility; mechanical or manual pre-sorting is essential […]

A material recovery facility (MRF) is a place where non-biodegradable or recyclable solid waste collected from the doorstep is segregated, sorted and various components of recyclable waste recovered from it for resale. The MRF accepts mixtures of waste fractions (non-biodegradable […]

Larger capacity vehicles should transport waste from the secondary or tertiary collection point (depot or transfer station) to the processing and treatment facility or landfill. The types of vehicles should synchronise well with containers placed at depots or transfer stations […]

CONCEPT OF BIN-LESS AREA OR CITY Wherever possible, it is advisable to synchronise primary collection and  secondary collection, thereby avoiding the need for secondary storage bins or depots. Secondary storage Storage depots are required for secondary collection of waste in […]

•The compactor is an appropriate vehicle for collecting biodegradable and recyclable component of MSW •Skip loaders/ Hook loaders are preferred for collecting inert waste or Construction and Demolition waste •Waste may be transferred to the transfer station if the processing […]

Primary collection vehicles should meet local requirements. Before selecting a vehicle for primary collection, it is advisable to assess the  amount of waste generated, local climatic conditions, topography of the area, and available facilities for repair and maintenance of vehicles. […]