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Jeypore portfolio Part-1 (Coping and Plinths ) Plate-21

Fatehpur Sikri is situated about 37 km West of Agra. It was founded by the Emperor Akbar AD. 1570- 1586, and intended to be the permanent seat of the Moghal Court, and was enriched by magnificent architectural works in the time of Akbar and Jahangir, but was abandoned within 50 years of its foundation in favour of Delhi, owing, it is believed, to its being found to be unhealthy. Nearly all the buildings here are of red sandstone, which is quarried in the neighbourhood. See Plate 46.

The inscribed property covers 60.735 ha, with a buffer zone of 475.542 ha. The city, which is bounded on three sides by a wall 6 km long fortified by towers and pierced by nine gates, includes a number of impressive edifices of secular and religious nature that exhibit a fusion of prolific and versatile Indo-Islamic styles. The city was originally rectangular in plan, with a grid pattern of roads and by-lanes which cut at right angles, and featured an efficient drainage and water management system. The well-defined administrative block, royal palaces, and Jama Masjid are located in the centre of the city.

The buildings are constructed in red sandstone with little use of marble. Diwan-i-Am (Hall of Public Audience) is encircled by a series of porticos broken up at the west by the insertion of the emperor’s seat in the form of a small raised chamber separated by perforated stone screens and provided with pitched stone roof. This chamber communicates directly with the imperial palace complex clustered along a vast court. At the north side of it stands a building popularly known as Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience), also known as the ‘Jewel House’. Other monuments of exceptional quality are Panch Mahal, an extraordinary, entirely columnar five-storey structure disposed asymmetrically on the pattern of a Persian badgir, or wind-catcher tower; the pavilion of Turkish Sultana; Anup Talao (Peerless Pool); Diwan-Khana-i-Khas and Khwabgah (Sleeping Chamber); palace of Jodha Bai, the largest building of the residential complex, which has richly carved interior pillars, balconies, perforated stone windows, and an azure-blue ribbed roof on the north and south sides; Birbal’s House; and the Caravan Sarai, Haram Sara, baths, water works, stables and Hiran tower. Architecturally, the buildings are a beautiful amalgamation of indigenous and Persian styles.

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Plate 1 | Plate 2 | Plate 3 | Plate 4 | Plate 5 | Plate 6 | Plate 7 | Plate 8 | Plate 9 | Plate 10 | Plate 11 | Plate 12 | Plate 13 | Plate 14 | Plate 15 | Plate 16 | Plate 17 | Plate 18 | Plate 19 | Plate 20 | Plate 22

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Jeypore portfolio Part-1 (Coping and Plinths) Plate-20

This beautiful plinth is also from the Khas Mahal, or Private Palace, in the Fort at Agra. See remarks on Plate 19 , fig. 3.

Khas Mahal or ‘Aramgah-i-Muqaddar’ has river on the one side and Anguri Bagh on the other. Built for the two favorite daughters of Shah Jehan, Jahanara and Roshanara, it has a beautiful tank in front with fountains, white marble pavilions and open courts. The central hall or baradari and the adjoining colonnade or portico is almost of same size. The arched recesses of the main hall lead to the side rooms. The richly ornamented ceilings of the palace are flat and the complex has stylishly carved and molded brackets. The niches in the walls are believed to have contained portraits of Mughal emperors while the iron rings in the roof of the central hall were meant for the chandeliers.

The entire mansion is placed over an elevated white marble plinth. The palace complex is surrounded by exquisite curtain walls known as “Sar-i-parda”.

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Jeypore portfolio of architectural details Part-1 Coping and Plinths

Plate 1 | Plate 2 | Plate 3 | Plate 4 | Plate 5 | Plate 6 | Plate 7 | Plate 8 | Plate 9 | Plate 10 | Plate 11 | Plate 12 | Plate 13 | Plate 14 | Plate 15 | Plate 16 | Plate 17 | Plate 18 | Plate 19 | Plate 21

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Jeypore portfolio Part-1 (Coping and Plinths) Plate-19

Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah (Chauburja), Agra

This building is of white marble, beautifully inlaid with mosaic work, and was completed A.D. 1628. See remarks on Plate 14 fig. 3, and 35. figs. 1 and 3.

Coping from the Nagina Masjid in the Agra Fort.

See remarks on Plate 17. fig. 2.

Coping from the Khas Mahal, Anguri Bagh, Agra.

The Anguri Bagh, or Grape Garden, is situated in the centre of the Court of the Khas Mahal, or private part of the Palace of the Fort at Agra. The buildings around are of red sandstone of Akbar’s time, A.D. 1556-1605 The earth of the garden is said to have been brought from Kashmir. See Plate 20.

This is the King’s own palace, splendidly set in the Haram complex, consisting of open terraces; curtains; tanks; fountains and a water-fall, a beautiful indoor garden; and living apartments, dalans and courts – all around it. It was built by Shahjehan in place of Akbar’s redstone palace.

It is laid out in three receding levels, viz. the main palace overlooking the river; spacious open terraces; and the garden respectively, enabling it to stand majestically in a charmful setting, which was a specialization of Shahjehanian Architect. The main palace consists of a central hall, with Shah-Nashin (Alcoves) and rooms on the sides, and a large dalan on its front, facing the garden. It is entirely built of white marble which was gorgeously painted and gilded niches above the dados contained portraits. Dalan is made up of cusped arches which are supported on square piers. A beautiful tank with scalloped border is there in its front. Its fountains were feb by overhead tanks. Water rippled through a shallow canal to a water-fall, behind which, true to the style, a Chini-Khanah (series of candle-niches) is provided. These water devices created an enchanting atmosphere in the palace. On either side of the main palace is an oblong pavilion with ‘Bangladar curved chhajja and roof’.

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Plate 1 | Plate 2 | Plate 3 | Plate 4 | Plate 5 | Plate 6 | Plate 7 | Plate 8 | Plate 9 | Plate 10 | Plate 11 | Plate 12 | Plate 13 | Plate 14 | Plate 15 | Plate 16 | Plate 17 | Plate 18 | Plate 20

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Jeypore portfolio Part-1 (Coping and Plinths) Plate-18

Macchi Bhawan ( मच्छी भवन ), in the Agra Fort.

The Macchi Bhawan in the Fort at Agra is the court between the Diwan-i-Am and the Diwan-i-Khas, and was built in the time of the Emperor Shah Jehan, about A.D 1640. See Plate 15, fig. 2.

Coping From the Agra Fort (आगरा के लाल किला ) .

The Fort at Agra was built by Akbar about A.D. 1566. Akbar ordered to renovate the fort with red sandstone in year1558. Some 4000 builders daily worked on it and it was completed in 8 years (1565-1573).
The fort, semi-circular on plan, is surrounded by a 21.4 m high fortification wall with moat and about 1.5 miles (2.5 km) long. Double ramparts have been provided here with broad massive circular bastions at regular intervals. There are four gates on its four sides, one of the gates was called “khizri-gate” (the water gate) which opens to the river front, where ghats (quays) were provided .The fort has survived through the onslaught of time, nature and men. The fort spreads over an area of about 94 acres of land. At present, there exist more than two dozens of monuments in the Fort.

Abul Fazl, a court historian of Akbar, records that 5000 buildings were built here beautifully in Bengali and Gujarati style. Most of these buildings have now disappeared. Shah Jahan himself demolished some of these in order to make room for his white marble palaces. Later, the British destroyed most of the buildings for raising barracks. Hardly 30 Mughal buildings have survived on the southeastern side. Of these, the Delhi-Gate, Akbari-Gate and ‘Bengali-Mahal’, are representative of buildings raised during the reign of Akbar.

Coping from the Throne in the Diwan-i-Khas at Agra.

An inscription runs along the freize of the colonnade the chronogram taken from which gives the date of building as 1046 r., corresponding to A.D 1637

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Plate 1 | Plate 2 | Plate 3 | Plate 4 | Plate 5 | Plate 6 | Plate 7 | Plate 8 | Plate 9 | Plate 10 | Plate 11 | Plate 12 | Plate 13 | Plate 14 | Plate 15 | Plate 16 | Plate 17

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Jeypore portfolio Part-1 (Coping and Plinths) Plate-17

Coping from the Diwan-i-Am in the Fort at Agra.

The Diwan-i-Am, or Hall of Public Audience, in the Fort of Agra was built about A.D. 1650.

Coping from the Nagina Masjid in the Fort at Agra.

The Nagina Masjid is a beautiful little mosque built of white marble in the 17th century. It was used for the private devotions of the Emperors, and was probably used also by the ladies of the court, as a screened passage leads from it to the Zanana. See Plate 19, fig. 2.

Coping from the Moti Masjid in the Fort at Agra.

See remarks Plate 8, fig. 1.

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Plate -1 | Plate 2 | Plate 3 | Plate 4 | Plate 5 | Plate 6 | Plate 7 | Plate 8 | Plate 9 | Plate 10 | Plate 11 | Plate 12 | Plate 13 | Plate 14 | Plate 15 | Plate 16 | Plate 18

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The materials used and displayed on the Sites, including text, photographs, graphics, illustrations and artwork, video, music and sound, and names, logos, IS Codes, are copyrighted items of respective owners. FDAPF is not responsible and liable for information shared above.

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Plate -1 | Plate 2 | Plate 3 | Plate 4 | Plate 5 | Plate 6 | Plate 7 | Plate 8 | Plate 9 | Plate 10 | Plate 11 | Plate 12 | Plate 13 | Plate 14 | Plate 15

Plate 16 : Coping From the Throne in the Diwan-i-Am Fort and Madrasa Ghaziuddin Khan at Delhi.

The Throne in the Diwan-i-Am, Red Fort, Delhi

The Throne in the Diwan-i-Am in the Red Fort of Delhi was the place where the Emperor, every day about noon, was accustomed to give audience to all. The work is of the 17th century.

The throne in the Diwan-i-Am Fort at Delhi is a marble structure made for Shah Jahan. It’s located in the center of the eastern, back wall of the Diwan. The throne is carved with floral patterns and has a curved marble canopy decorated with pietra dura work. 

The throne is on a high platform under a marble canopy, which is now covered with glass. In front of the throne is a low bench for ministers. 

The wall behind the throne is decorated with Italian inlaid pietra dura panels depicting flowers, birds, and lions. The panels are said to have been executed by a Florentine jeweller. 

The throne pavilion is referred to as Nashiman-i-Zil-i-Ilahi or “the seat of the shadow of God”. It’s an impressive piece of craftsmanship with its fluted pillars and curved Bengali roof. 

Madrasa Ghaziuddin Khan , Ajmeri Gate , Old Delhi.

This Madrasa or College near the Ajmir gate was founded by Nawab Ghazi-ud-din, nephew of Nizam-ul- mulk. It is of red sandstone in a spacious quadrangle with a fountain-the mosque is inlaid with white marble-and was built at the beginning of the 18th century.

The complex was built by Ghaziuddin Khan as a center for Islamic teaching.  The madarsa was closed down after the revolt of 1857, to re-open much later, in 1924. The Delhi College was renamed Zakir Hussain College in 1975. Today the buildings are mostly occupied by the Anglo Arabic Senior Secondary School, as the college moved to a new campus in 1986.

The double storeyed Madarsa complex surrounds the large courtyard from three sides and
includes the eastern, southern and northern wings.At the centre of each wing of madarsa is a
protruding double height iwan and layout of madarsa evokes the Persian iwan type
arrangement. Each iwan is flanked by a double storey crenellated structure embellished by multilobed arches on both floors . All the madarsa wings once had verandah around the courtyard,
which have now been converted into class rooms at various places.

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Plate -1 | Plate 2 | Plate 3 | Plate 4 | Plate 5 | Plate 6 | Plate 7 | Plate 8 | Plate 9 | Plate 10 | Plate 11 | Plate 12 | Plate 13 | Plate 14 | Plate 15 | Plate 17

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Part-1 Coping and Plinths

Plate -1 | Plate 2 | Plate 3 | Plate 4 | Plate 5 | Plate 6 | Plate 7 | Plate 8 | Plate 9 | Plate 10 | Plate 11 | Plate 12 | Plate 13 | Plate 14

Plate 15 : Coping from the Jama Masjid at Agra, Machhi-Bhawan in the Fort at Delhi and Saman Burj, Agra Fort

Jama Masjid at Agra

The Jama Masjid, or chief mosque, at Agra was erected by the Emperor Shah Jahan, A.D. 1644. It was built in the name of his daughter Jahanara, who afterwards devotedly shared her father’s captivity when he was deposed by Aurangzeb. She is buried in Delhi; her cenotaph is of pure white marble, with only a little grass growing at one end of the slab. A Persian inscription records the last wish of this devoted lady: “Let no rich canopy surmount my grave. This grass is the best covering for the tomb of the poor in spirit, the humble and transitory Jahanara, the disciple of the holy men of Chisht, the daughter of the Emperor Shah Jehan.” The splendid Jama Masjid at Agra is the public memorial of this Princess, whose modest grave lies near Delhi.

Machhi-Bhawan (मच्छी भवन ) in the Fort at Agra.

The Machhi-Bhawan is one of the Palace buildings in the Agra Fort. See Plate 18 , fig. 1

Saman Burj in the Fort at Agra.

See remarks Plate 8, fig. 2.

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Plate -1 | Plate 2 | Plate 3 | Plate 4 | Plate 5 | Plate 6 | Plate 7 | Plate 8 | Plate 9 | Plate 10 | Plate 11 | Plate 12 | Plate 13 | Plate 14 |

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Plate 14 : Coping from the Saman Burj and Diwan-i-Khas in the Red Fort and Madrasa of Itimad-ud-daulah at Delhi

Coping from the Saman Burj in the Fort at Delhi

See remarks above, Plate 8 , fig. 2.

Coping from Diwan-i-Khas in the Red Fort at Delhi

See remarks above, Plate 13 , fig. 1.

Coping from Madrasa of Itimad-ud-daulah at Delhi.

Itimad-ud-daulah was the father of the celebrated Nur Janan Begam, the favourite wife of the Emperor Jahangir. He was a Tartar by birth, and came over from Persia to India in the reign of the Emperor Akbar. He was raised to the rank of Vazir in the time of Jahangir, with the title of Itimad-ud-daulah. He amassed great wealth, died in A.D. 1621, and is buried near Agra in a garden which he made during his lifetime, where a splendid mausoleum of white marble inlaid with mosaic work was built over his relics in A.D. 1628 by his daughter Nur Jehan. He founded a College or Madrasa at Delhi. See Plate 19, fig. 1; Plate 35, figs. 1 and 3.

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Plate -1 | Plate 2 | Plate 3 | Plate 4 | Plate 5 | Plate 6 | Plate 7 | Plate 8 | Plate 9 | Plate 10 | Plate 11 | Plate 12 | Plate 13 | Plate 15

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This information is provided by the Front Desk Architects and Planners Forum (FDAPF) under Fair Use guidelines for educational and research purposes. To the best of our knowledge, it is in the public domain, and our goal is to make it more accessible for student of Architecture and Planning .

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