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Electronic kiosks: Governments can offer access to online public information through electronic kiosks and computer terminals located in public buildings that are free for citizens to use ICT tools for Consultation / Participation Electronic letterboxes: Electronic letterboxes give citizens the […]

Consultation tools Tools supporting the use of unsolicited feedback are: “Letterboxes” as entry points for suggestions and complaints, allow the collection of data, channel and follow-up the information inside the government, and ensure that receipt is acknowledged and answers are […]

Democratic decentralization is key to participatory governance. Participation at the local level is institutionalized through regular elections, council hearings and perhaps, most significantly, participatory budgeting. The 74th  Constitution Amendment Act envisages enabling people to participate in development processes at ward, […]

Information 13 Government disseminates information on policy-making on its own initiative – or citizens access information upon their demand. In both cases, information flows essentially in one direction, from the government to citizens in a one-way relationship. Examples are access […]

Enhancing Public Participation by Organized & Strong citizen groups &  civil society When citizens’ groups and civil society are mobilized and organized in a systemic way, they are in a better position to identify their issues and challenges and also […]

Four different meanings of participation in history of public participation 14 1.Participation from below, (1960s and early 1970s) which saw the use of terms like ‘popular participation’ and ‘participatory development’. Paulo Freire’s ‘Pedagogy of the Oppressed’ says that the development […]

Administrative Reforms Commission’s 6th Report recommendations that is accepted by Government : 12 Devolution of Powers and Responsibilities a. There should be clear delineation of functions for each level of local government in the case of each subject matter law. […]