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Decision-making is usually defined as a process or sequence of activities involving stages of problem recognition, search for information, definition of alternatives and the selection of an actor of one from two or more alternatives consistent with the ranked preferences. […]

The policy scientists have created theories and models to help them understand and explain the policy making process. Following the widely accepted conceptual scheme of Thomas Dye, Policy Models can be conveniently classified into the following seven types: 5 1. […]

Problems in the implementation of policy are common in all countries, be they developed or developing. Even with relatively good administrative structures, public policy often does not have its intended impact due to conceptual and political problems. 5 1 Conceptual […]

Implementation is what realizes decision or what generates outputs? It can be seen essentially in terms of the nature and degree of control exercised over the operations of a policy. Policy-making does not come to an end, once a policy […]

STEPS of POLICY ANALYSIS 4 1) Verify, define and detail the problem 2) Establish evaluation criteria 3) Identify alternative policies 4) Assess alternative policies 5) Display and distinguish among alternatives 6) Implement, monitor, and evaluate the policy 1) VERIFY, DEFINE […]

As the private sector is mostly guided by the profit maximisation motive for the owners and have little consideration for the national objectives and priorities, thus it may adopt certain undesirable steps which may go against the interest of the […]

1.Lack of initiation and efficiency: Lack of profit motive leads to inefficiency and slow working. Therefore decision making is not so quick in public sector like in private enterprises. Public Enterprises are managed like Government offices, thus efficiency cannot be […]

1.Priority of Government policy – policy planning occurs in accordance with the Government’s Declaration on Intended Activities. 2.Participation – non-governmental organisations, private sector, local governments, international institutions are involved in the process of policy planning. Society is provided with information […]

The public policy process is a multi-stage cycle. 1. Problem Identification Either public opinion or elite opinion expresses dissatisfaction with a status quo policy. The problem is defined and articulated by individuals and institutions such as mass media, interest groups, […]

Role of planning in the social development of our society that  ensures efforts to deal with following social issues. Social Planning Issues The range of social planning concerns is vast and contains a multitude of sub-areas and issues. These include […]